View clinical trials related to Obesity.
Filter by:Bariatric surgery is now recognized as a procedure of choice for the treatment of morbid obesity, resulting in long-term effectiveness on weight loss and comorbidities. The two types of procedures, most often performed in Europe, are adjustable gastric banding (AGB), a purely restrictive reversible procedure, and gastric bypass (GBP), an irreversible procedure, which associates restriction and mild malabsorption. Longitudinal sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is another bariatric procedure which tends to develop quickly. More recent, this technique is recognized in France by the High Authority of Health since 2008, consisting of fundus and greater curvature resection, removing 75 % the gastric volume, leaving a narrow gastric tube or "sleeve". Although malabsorption does not occur in most bariatric procedures, micronutrient deficiencies are possible. GBP is known to induce nutritional and vitamin deficiencies concerning iron, calcium, vitamins B12, B9, D and proteins. Restrictive procedures have minor effects on normal physiological digestive processes but could lead to vitamin deficiency secondary to decreased nutrient intake and a tendency towards avoidance of certain types of food due to intolerance. Studies of nutritional complications of bariatric surgery concern essentially AGB, GBP and vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) which is no longer performed in France. The nutritional impact of LSG remains to be evaluated. To date, data concerning evaluation of nutritional status from patients who underwent LSG are almost non-existent. Considering this type of surgical procedure, the investigators expect to observe essentially a deficiency in vitamin B12 and iron. Indeed, defined as a purely restrictive intervention, LSG consists of gastric fundus resection which is the site of intrinsic factor production, itself necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. Moreover, decrease of hydrochloric acid production and potential vomiting caused by gastric resection can alter iron absorption. In view of the increasing popularity of this surgical technique, assessment of the nutritional consequences of longitudinal sleeve gastrectomy seems to be necessary.
According to our experimental experiences w hypothesized that blood boron levels may be corralated to body mass index.
Fructose intake from added sugars has increased dramatically over the last century and has recently been implicated as potential contributor to metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, inflammation and kidney disease. Fructose differs from the other sugars because, uric acid is generated during its metabolism. Serum uric acid levels have been found to correlate with the intake of fructose and added sugars. In turn, an elevated serum uric acid has also been shown to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. On the other hand complexity of fructose metabolism in each individuals results of the various magnitude of hyperuricemia induced by fructose intake. The magnitude of uric acid production in each patient may reflect individual predisposition to endogenous urate production in a face of relatively normal fasting uric acid concentration. Therefore the oral fructose tolerance test might reveal an occult purine disturbances which plays casual role in either metabolic disturbances or organ damage. The aim of this study is to see whether is a relationship between fructose induced hyperuricemia and metabolic disturbances , inflammatory state and organ damage in obese and various stages CKD patients.
Epidemiological studies suggest a role for a low glycemic index (GI) diet in the management of obesity and associated metabolic risks including diabetes. However, evidence from long-term, randomized controlled trials exploring the relationship between low GI diet, weight reduction and glycemia, particularly in children and adolescents, is lacking. Modern food-processing technology has produced many food products with high GI which may contribute to the burgeoning epidemic of obesity worldwide. Since dietary habits are shaped in early life, adolescence is a critical period to educate our young people to acquire a healthy eating habit to prevent obesity. The investigators hypothesized that, in Chinese adolescents, low GI diet results in greater reduction in body mass index and body fat percentage, enhanced insulin sensitivity and favorable changes of cardiometabolic risk factors compared to conventional diet after 12 months of intervention. This study is a randomized controlled trial of a low GI (<55) versus conventional Chinese diet (GI>/=70) in adolescents (12-month intervention followed by a 6-month observational period) to study; 1) the changes in body mass index and obesity associated changes in cardiometabolic profile; 2) the underlying hormonal factors associated with these changes.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether astaxanthin (ASX) supplementation will reduce obesity-induced oxidative stress and improve lipid profile in overweight and obese adults.
The goal of this research is to study the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing and associated morbidity in obese children and to examine the role of diet and physical activity in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing in obese children.
Nephrolithiasis is a disease that strikes roughly 10% of the Italian population and its incidence in industrialized countries is on the increase. The most common form of the disease (80%) is Idiopathic Calcium Nephrolithiasis (ICN) with calcium-oxalate (CaOx) and/or calcium-phosphate (CaP) stones. The etiopathogenesis involves both genetic and acquired factors, the interplay of which leads to urinary biochemical anomalies at the root of stone formation. The elements and urinary compounds involved are known as "urinary stone risk factors". The risk factors for CaOx stones consist of low urine volume, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria. In the case of CaP stones, the hyperphosphaturia and pH parameters are of particular importance; a pH>7 promotes the formation of stones prevalently composed of phosphates, while a pH of between 6 and 7, associated with a volume <1l/day, can raise CaP supersaturation to a dangerously high level and lead to the formation of mixed CaOx and CaP stones. For uric acid stones, the elements involved are hyperuricosuria and pH<5.5. In general, the most prevalent alteration in ICN is hypercalciuria (50%). Hypertension and obesity are also social diseases with important epidemiological similarities to nephrolithiasis. These affinities have led to the search for a common pathogenic moment. As far as hypertension is concerned, various studies have demonstrated high calciuria in hypertensives with a linear relationship between 24-h calciuria and arterial blood pressure. The incidence of stone disease is greater in hypertensives than in normotensives and, by the same token, the incidence of hypertension is greater in stone formers than in non stone formers, but it is not clear whether nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for hypertension or vice versa. Moreover, a linear relationship exists between calciuria and natriuria, where the calcium is the dependent variable, with a much steeper slope of the straight line in stone formers and hypertensives compared to controls. It has, in fact, been demonstrated that to reduce calcium, it is more efficacious to reduce sodium intake as opposed to calcium intake. Finally, BMI and body weight are independently associated with an increase in stone risk even though, due to a number of bias (limited weight categories, low number of obese persons in the study populations, no control group, no recording of food intake) the studies published failed to be conclusive. In the final analysis, stone disease, arterial hypertension and excess weight/obesity prove to be closely interconnected and it is possible to intervene with targeted diets aimed at reducing the risk of illness and death from these diseases. Among such dietary approaches, the reduction of sodium chloride in food, increased hydration and an increased intake of foods with an alkaline potential seem to play an important role. For many years now, the investigators research unit has been involved in projects, partially financed by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR), geared towards studying the effects induced by dietary changes in patients with calcium stone disease. The aim of the present project is to analyse in depth the relationship between stone disease, hypertension, body weight and water and salt intake both in the general population of the area of Parma (where historically and by gastronomic tradition, the usual diet tends to have a high salt content) and in a selected population of stone formers and hypertensives not under treatment. A representative sample of the population of the area of Parma will be studied, divided on the basis of weight category, in order to assess water and salt intake and relationships with the presence of hypertension, and a sample of normal and hypertensive stone formers randomized to receive for one year either water therapy+low salt diet or water therapy alone.
The overall objective of this study is to investigate in depth the impact of birth weight on the nature of metabolic physiology, body composition and epigenetic differences of the different phenotypes of overweight and obese individuals who are otherwise overtly healthy. We also aim to determine the efficacy of a weight loss intervention on the above mentioned metabolic parameters in these individuals.
In this randomized case control study we will evaluate the additive effect of psychological intervention, i.e CBT-cognitive behavioral treatment in a multi-strategy weight loss program composed of physical activity intervention and nutritional programme.
The number of children who are obese in the UK is steadily increasing with both short and long term consequences for health. The aim of this study is to determine whether the MEND Programme (a new national initiative for the treatment of childhood obesity) is a successful and sustainable treatment for childhood obesity and obesity related health problems. 300 overweight and obese children will be randomly assigned to start immediately on the MEND Programme for 6 months or join a waiting-list control group for 6 months. Measurements of health outcomes will be taken at baseline, and at 6, 12 and 24 months after the Programme. After 6 months of waiting-list time, the control group will follow the same protocol as the immediate starters. The researchers will be unaware (blinded) to which group each child has been assigned to. The study will examine the effects of the MEND Programme on body composition, cardiovascular health and psychological health.