View clinical trials related to Obesity.
Filter by:The effect of an acute administration of hydroxychloroquine sulphate will be investigated on hedonic food intake, appetite related sensations and gastrointestinal hormone release in healthy female subjects.
The incidence of childhood obesity is at epidemic levels and increasing in the UK. Obese adults are considered a high-risk group of patients for general anaesthesia with published national guidelines on the best practice management. The proportion of children presenting for a procedure under general anaesthesia in the UK who are overweight or obese is currently unknown. Obese children are perceived to be at greater risk of complications from general anaesthesia. Previous non-UK studies suggest they take longer to recover from anaesthesia, require more medications to combat nausea and vomiting and are at greater risk of complications that may threaten their airway and breathing. This study involves reviewing the anaesthetic care record and patient notes to collect information relating to general anaesthesia and basic demographic data in children aged 2-16 years presenting for a procedure under general anaesthesia. The aims of this study are to establish the prevalence of obesity in the paediatric surgical population (i.e. the proportion of children attending UK hospitals for procedures under general anaesthesia who are overweight or obese) and to ascertain whether obese children are at increased risk compared to their healthy weight counterparts. This information will be used with the goal of reducing avoidable harm both at national and local level in the future.
The long-term goal of this community based participatory research project is to prevent obesity in 3-5 year old Alaska Native children in remote communities. Investigators will design and evaluate a culturally responsive, home-focused intervention, Tundra Gifts, that links early childhood education programming (i.e. Head Start) and federal food assistance programs (i.e. WIC and SNAP) with primary caregivers to support healthy eating and an active lifestyle using a cluster-randomized design. The intervention integrates behavior change theory with Indigenous traditional knowledge. Primary caregivers will attend monthly interactive education session, receive a monthly gift basket that includes resources and supplies to support behavior change at home and receive ongoing social support through a Facebook site. Investigators will also evaluate key process indicators of Tundra Gifts to understand the impact on outcomes of variations in persons and settings and to enhance the generalizability of findings.
Canadian guidelines recommend that women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) at or above 40 kg/m2 deliver by their due date. When delivery is planned prior to spontaneous labour, there are two options: planned induction of labour or pre-labour Caesarean (C-section). However, it is not yet clear whether induction of labour or planned pre-labour C-section is the best option for this population. The MODE Trial aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a larger-scale trial of planned mode of delivery in first time mothers who have a BMI >=40kg/m2, and obtain preliminary data on health outcomes for moms and babies following delivery by either planned C-section or induction of labour.
Lifestyle intervention is the most important management of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) patients. Weight reductions of 5-10% can improve non-alcoholic steatosis and fibrosis. However, the options for treatment in the clinics are limited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effectiveness of different lifestyle intervention strategies in NAFLD patients.
Increasing evidence suggests that non-communicable diseases such as in particular obesity and its associated metabolic diseases are inherited from parents to children throughout several generations by epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, this environmental stress would induce epigenetic modification in the germ line that once transmitted and maintained in the progeny would induce the development of the parental pathologies. Considering the increasing prevalence of these pathologies worldwide, we urgently need to understand this process in human. Based on published and unpublished data demonstrating that sperm RNAs are vectors of epigenetic inheritance of obesity mouse model, the investigative team hypothesizes that epitranscriptome of obese men play a central role in the paternal epigenetic inheritance of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases as epigenetic vectors in this process. To validate this hypothesis, the investigative team will use sperm from non-obese and obese men taken before and after surgery weight loss. Thanks to these cohorts, they propose to: (i) compare the epitranscriptome profiles of non-obese and obese men to identify the RNAs molecules which will be either qualitatively or quantitatively epigenetically modulated by obesity; (ii) compare the epitranscriptome profiles of obese men before and after surgery-weight loss to assess the reversibility of the newly acquired RNA modifications. Giving some answers to this central question will provide not only some clues about the molecular mechanisms involved in this process, elements which might be crucial to stop the spread of this disorder, but will also allow the identification of obese-susceptibility loci which expression may be modulate by environmental factors and consequently able to transmit the disease.
This is a feasibility study to gain an understanding of the willingness of women with a history of early stage breast cancer and current obesity to enroll in a weight-loss study, accept an assigned intervention (bariatric surgery with lifestyle intervention or lifestyle intervention alone), and comply with the study plan for 1 year. If there is successful enrollment in this study, the plan is to use what is learned in this study to design a larger, longer-term clinical trial to look at the effect of weight loss and incidence of cancer recurrence.
The investigators will conduct a 2-arm randomized controlled pilot, feasibility feeding study in which 28 participants will be randomized to receive either a calorie-restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet or a calorie-restricted standard American diet provided by the study for 4 weeks. Participants will be non-Hispanic black or white, generally healthy females (14 black, 14 white). The investigators will collect fecal samples at multiple time points before, during, and after the dietary intervention to analyze for changes in the gut microbiota and functional-level metabolic products. This work will be led by an interdisciplinary team including expertise in bio-behavioral science, microbiology, nutrition science, bioinformatics, and biostatistics all with cross-cutting expertise in health disparities, prevention research, nutrition, the gut microbiota, inflammation and other biomarkers. The rationale for the proposed research is that once the interactions between race, diet, and the gut microbiota are more fully understood, targeted diet modifications may provide new and innovative approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Worldwide, in terms of attributable deaths, the main intermediate risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases is systemic arterial hypertension, followed by overweight and sustained hyperglycemia. These factors have positively influenced public and private spending on health. The more robust studies showed that age is one of the main determinants of arterial stiffness. However, there is a possibility that other variables, such as elevated glucose levels, obesity, and systemic inflammation itself, as well as insulin resistance are important factors in this scenario. On the other hand, the measurement of the pulse wave velocity is widely acceptable for the evaluation of the arterial stiffness, inferring the cardiovascular risk in different populations. Since arterial stiffness is influenced by hemodynamic forces and inflammatory mediators, which may be related to sodium and glucose balance, it is necessary to evaluate whether a hypocaloric and low glycemic load diet, in a thesis that decreases lipid and inflammatory levels, may have favorable effects on pulse wave velocity in overweight adults.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing and affects more than 650 million people of all ages to become one of the foremost global health threats. Obesity is a complex syndrome that can seriously impair health through a broad range of complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D), cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, psychosocial imbalances, and reduced quality of life, and impacts the treatment of other conditions. Weight reduction has been shown to have a positive effect on these co-morbidities and may increase the effectiveness of treatments specific for other co-morbidities. Lifestyle modification is an integral part of the weight management journey, but is often insufficient on its own, and can be complimented by pharmacological and surgical add-on treatments to achieve greater and more sustainable weight loss, as appropriate. It is likely that there are subgroups of patients that are more suited to certain types of treatment and results risk dilution of perceived efficacy unless these groups are identified and treatment is personalised. The aim of this project is to identify pathophysiologically and clinically meaningful subgroups of obesity by performing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches and network based algorithm that will allow the optimisation of prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications.