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Filter by:Aerobic exercise has been shown to trigger a variety of body responses which then trigger physiological adaptations. One of the physiological adaptations that occur is an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that play a role in providing energy. An increase in the number of mitochondria will increase the supply of energy for muscle cell contraction, so that muscles do not get tired easily. Mitochondrial biogenesis is known to be regulated by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), by inducing transcription of genes encoded by the nucleus and mitochondria. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha is a protein which encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. PPARGC1A gene expression itself can be influenced by microRNA, a short non-coding RNA that can regulate gene expression by suppressing or degrading the target gene. In vitro studies show that PPARGC1A gene is a direct gene target of microRNA (miR)-23a. In human studies, aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce miR-23a levels in human muscles immediately after exercise. Another study found an increase in muscle PGC-1 alpha levels after exercise. In addition to being detectable in muscle, both miR-23a and PGC-1 alpha can be measured in blood plasma. However, whether exercise can reduce miR-23a levels while increasing PGC-1 alpha levels in circulation, still needs further research. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether aerobic exercise will reduce miR-23a levels and PGC-1 alpha levels in plasma. In addition, this study will also compare whether exercise intensity affects the expression of miR-23a and PGC-1 alpha. In this study, measurements will be made on blood plasma to reduce the level of invasiveness. Subjects will be asked to come to the laboratory three times. The first meeting consisted of an examination, while in the second and third meetings the subjects would be asked to run at a moderate or high intensity. Blood sampling will be done before and after exercise.
The proposed research is a feasibility pilot trial designed to optimize the remote collection dried blood spots (DBS) from a finger stick and the analysis of fatty acid from the DBS and to optimize the analysis of mitochondria activity (or energy metabolism) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or white blood cell samples. Participants in this study will provide a blood sample from venous blood draw and finger sticks. One finger stick collection will be completed remotely using a DBS kit that is sent through the mail while the other finger stick collection will be completed at the research site. These samples will be use to optimize the method for measuring fatty acids and mitochondria function as well as measure other lipids, insulin, glucose and markers of inflammation using established protocols. Demographic, dietary, sleep, and physical activity information will be measured using questionnaires, while height and weight will be measured to calculate body mass index (BMI).
Background: Abdominal pain, distension, and discomfort are the most frequently seen side effects after colonoscopy. These side effects can cause physical and mental results and increased workloads and care costs. Additionally, the satisfaction of the patients with the colonoscopy process may affect their willingness to undergo repeated colonoscopies in the future which may be required for the surveillance of colon malignity. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the effects of abdominal massage on post colonoscopy these abdominal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post colonoscopy abdominal massage on abdominal pain, distension, discomfort, and patient satisfaction. Methods: This study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled study. Participants meeting inclusion criteria will be assigned to intervention and control groups using a random number generator. Participants assigned to the intervention group will receive abdominal massages twice a day after colonoscopy, and participants assigned to the control group will receive only "routine care". The abdominal pain, distension, discomfort, and satisfaction levels of the patients will be evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale. Conclusions: New approaches are needed to improve the physiological and psychological health levels of patients after colonoscopy and help them return to their daily life activities and social lives faster. The trial will provide valuable evidence to inform clinical application and help evaluate the effects of the use of the relevant intervention.
This study will examine how sufentanil (a commonly used pain medication) will alter responses to simulated blood loss in humans. To simulate blood loss in the research laboratory, participants will complete a test with their lower body in a custom-designed vacuum chamber for a brief period of time.
The main objectives of this trial are to investigate safety and tolerability of BI 1569912 in healthy male Japanese subjects following oral administration of single rising doses and multiple doses. Secondary objective is the exploration of pharmacokinetics (PK) of BI 1569912.
Evaluate whether treatment with a widely used beta blocker, atenolol, will prevent bone loss at the lower back and hip in postmenopausal women.
Brief summary Orange juice is the most widely consumed fruit juice, accounting for around a third of the total fruit juice market and is a rich source of vitamin C and bioactive compounds, predominantly flavonoids. Current research into the health effects of fruit juice consumption has presented some conflicting conclusions. Although potential health benefits have been attributed to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of the bioactive components in juice, other studies have suggested that the benefits of consuming orange are outweighed by the negative implications of the high sugar content leading to increases in blood glucose and insulin. At the same time it is well established that supplementation with a mean dose of 5g of β-Glucan, a soluble fibre derived from cereals such as oats or barley, significantly reduces insulin and glucose in healthy subjects and metabolic compromised individuals. Thus, the formulation of an OJ beverage with an added β-Glucan supplement may be a useful strategy to attenuate the detrimental impact of high sugar content. However, while delaying the absorption of glucose brings about favourable effects on post-prandial glycemia, dietary fibre may also reduce the bioavailability of some beneficial compounds, including polyphenols. So far, it remains unclear how addition of β-Glucan impacts bioavailability of orange juice flavanones. Thus, this study aims to determine how the bioavailability of orange juice polyphenols of healthy adults is affected mixing orange juice with 3 g and 6 g of oat β-Glucan.
The serotonin (5-HT) and oxytocin releaser and so-called "empathogen" 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) acutely produces positive feelings, empathy, and trust. MDMA is used recreationally (ecstasy), as research tool to study 5-HT and oxytocin function, and is investigated for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. MDMA is metabolized in part (10%) to the psychoactive metabolite 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) which itself is also a recreational substance and has also been used to assist psychotherapy in the past. The present study aims to describe and directly compare for the first time the effects of MDMA and MDA in the same healthy volunteers and using modern psychological and psychometric tests. Additionally, although amphetamines including MDMA and MDA induce mainly positive subjective effects they may also produce negative subjective drug effects including anxiety in particular at the onset of the subjective response and the rapid onset of euphoria may increase the risk of abuse. Additionally, blood pressure may increase rapidly at drug onset. A possible solution to mitigate anxiety, abuse-related rapid euphoria increases and/or rapid blood pressure changes at onset consist of slowing the onset of the drug effect by using a slow-release formulation of MDMA. In the present study, the investigators will characterize the effects of lysine-MDMA and lysine-MDA and compare their effects with MDMA/MDA to test the concept of attenuated effects across both substances.
The lower urinary tract (bladder, bladder neck, urethra and urethral sphincter) has two functions: Storage (Continence) and voiding (micturition). Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) includes symptoms in the storage phase (such as urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence) or micturition phase (such as voiding dysfunction, hesitancy and urinary retention), or both. Proper urinary tract function is controlled by a complex network of peripheral and central nervous system. A delicate and complex switch exists between storage of urine and elimination of urine and in humans, the control over this switch is located in brain stem. Although significant research efforts have been utilized to understand supraspinal neural control of LUTs in humans, our understanding of the brainstem in humans is very limited, mainly due to the small size of nuclei. The extensive involvement of the brainstem in LUTS control has urged us to look into a better way to investigate and identify the brainstem nuclei involved throughout the entire bladder cycle, especially in neurogenic patients. To our knowledge, there has been no published study using high-resolution MRI (7 Tesla) to study the role of brainstem specifically in LUT. Brainstem evaluation in regards to LUT function in a thorough and accurate manner using high-resolution techniques is of high priority for benign urology and National Institute of Health. The findings from this proposal will lay the foundation to study of brainstem control in the bladder cycle in neurogenic patients with high-resolution neuroimaging, and will be seminal research in the field. The investigators hypothesize that Grey matter (blood-oxygen-level-dependent BOLD) signals and functional connectivity (FC) evaluation of the brainstem regions involved in continence and micturition are superior in 7T when compared to 3T in humans allowing assessment of the variations between men and women. Brainstem Regions of Interest (ROIs) include Pontine Storage Center (PSC) ("L region of the pons) and PAG are expected to be activated during the storage (continence) phase and Pontine Micturition Center (PMC) ("M" region of the pons) are expected to be activated during the voiding (micturition) phase.
Recently, the autophagy inducing caloric restriction mimic spermidine became available. Autophagy is essential for energy and cellular homeostasis through protein catabolism and dysregulation results in compromised proteostasis, stress-coping behavior, and in excessive secretion of signaling molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Antidepressants for example effect autophagy dependent pathways to exert their beneficial effects. It can therefore be hypothesized that autophagy induction through spermidine supplementation also shows beneficial clinical effect, particularly in the field of psychiatric conditions. It would be safe, low cost and easy to implement in relay to psychotropic medication in the treatment of psychiatric patients.Therefore, the aim of the project is to analyze clinical effects of spermidine supplementation in correlation to the underlying, multi-level molecular profiling.