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Filter by:The SKyRoCKeT Study (Surface-Knit and Reformulate CADENCE-Kids for Translation) will recruit a sex- and age-balanced sample of 360 young people 6-20 years of age to develop an integrative, physiologically-coherent age-cadence-log(metabolic equivalent, MET) surface-based model, reformulate the prior R21 CADENCE-Kids study (1; NCT01989104) by providing individualized, more precise, age-specific and coherent cadence-intensity thresholds, investigate additional differences by anthropometric factors, and translate cadence-intensity thresholds to over-ground walking. The SKyRoCKeT Study is an innovative critical step to provide a coherent, interpretable, objectively monitored step-based intensity metric to inform (inter)national physical activity (PA) guidelines by transforming currently vague guidelines of PA intensity into quantifiable PA recommendations that can be of widespread use, which clinicians, young people, parents, and researchers can integrate into preventive care management and action plans for personalized care. The SKyRoCKeT Study will allow for a user-friendly, interpretable metric to more accurately inform public health/behavioral interventions, assessments, analyses, school-based health and physical education curricula and programs, and public health messages for young people and their caregivers.
The human brain presents outstanding challenges to science and medicine. Brain function and structure span broad spatial scales (from single neurons to brain-wide networks) as well as temporal scales (from milliseconds to years). Currently, none of the tools available for studying the brain can fully capture its structure and function across these diverse scales - "the neuroimaging puzzle". This poses crucial limitations to understanding how the brain works, and how it is affected by numerous diseases. The central goal of this project is to expand currently available tools for non-invasive human brain imaging, to bridge critical gaps in the neuroimaging puzzle. New methodologies will be developed, focused on ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF MRI) and its combination with electroencephalography (EEG). New contrast mechanisms and technological advances enabled by UHF MRI and EEG will be explored to allow unprecedented views into the microstructure of brain regions like the thalamus, and to capture the activity of large-scale neuronal networks in the brain with high sensitivity, temporal and spatial specificity. These advances will be directly applied to address open questions in the diagnosis and treatment of essential tremor, and psychosis. In general, improved brain imaging techniques are critical for a deeper understanding of how the brain works, and to detect and characterize diseases more effectively, thereby improving clinical management and leading to a healthier population. The non-invasive characterization and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like tremor is particularly relevant to aging modern societies.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of dairy consumption on short-term cognitive performance, subjective mood and emotions, and glycemic response in healthy children aged 9 - 14 years. The investigators hypothesize that the consumption of dairy products as a mid-morning snack will improve mood and cognitive performance in children. Furthermore, the investigators hypothesize that all dairy products consumed as a mid-morning snack will imbue more benefits on mood and cognitive performance over 2-hours compared to fruit juice or snack skipping.
A subset of young adults participating in the American Lung Association (ALA) Lung Health Cohort (LHC) will be imaged using Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to assess lung structure and function. Images will be used to improve the understanding of lung health and early lung abnormalities that may lead to chronic lung disease.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation on Motor Skill Acquisition in healthy adults.
The present neuroimaging study investigates cerebral and behavioral markers of spatialization. Spatialization in memory corresponds to a mental representation of successive items from left to right in Westerners. A simple task to detect spatialization consists in presenting a series of stimuli sequentially. All stimuli are centered on the screen, so there is no spatial information during the task. After the presentation of the sequence, there is a recognition phase in which the participant is requested to take a decision as to whether a memory probe belongs to the sequence maintained in memory. The decision is made by pressing a key with the left or the right hand, depending on the instruction. The main measure is the difference in response times between the two hands. The standard spatialization effect in working memory in Westerners is that left-key responses are faster when retrieving the first items of the sequence whereas later items elicit faster right-key responses. To date, the factors that can influence this spatialization process in working memory as well as the brain structures involved remain largely unknown. Participants need to complete three experimental conditions associated with fMRI recording of brain activity. In task A (Visual Spatial), participants will see the sequences presented from left to right; in task B (Visual No Spatial), participants will see sequences of items presented in the middle of the screen; and in task C (Auditory), the sequences will be presented in an auditory format. When comparing tasks, A and B, we will be able to investigate if seeing information from left to right (spatialization is provided through the spatial coordinates of the items) is comparable to spatializing information from left to right (spatialization is not provided, all items have the same spatial coordinates). The comparison between task B and C will allow us to investigate the effect of seeing items (spatialization is not provided, all items have the same spatial coordinates) versus hearing them (spatialization is not provided and items have no spatial coordinates).
This is a Phase 1, FIH, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to assess the safety, tolerability, PK and PD after SAD and MAD in healthy adult participants.
Cognitive impairment (such as challenges in thinking and memory) is a core aspect of schizophrenia (SCZ), contributing to disability and poor functional outcomes. Additionally, almost half of the patients with SCZ are obese, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is 3-6 times higher, and life expectancy is lower by 15-20 years compared to the general population. This is relevant as metabolic syndrome and diabetes are both associated with worse cognition among SCZ patients. Recent work studying the relationships between metabolic health and cognition has encouraged a new way of thinking about SCZ as both a metabolic and cognitive disorder. Brain insulin is involved in several processes relevant to SCZ, and abnormal brain insulin action may help explain both cognitive and metabolic abnormalities in patients with SCZ, but this has not been examined previously. Glucose uptake in several brain regions relevant to SCZ has been shown to be partially dependent on insulin. Therefore, in this study, the researchers will measure glucose uptake in the brain using an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan after an intranasal insulin stimulus, and will compare this measure between patients with SCZ and healthy controls.
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory response harmful for the Central Nervous System. Immunological imbalance is involved with Th1 and Th17 cells in correlation with a disturbance of regulators mechanisms as Treg cells. Despite years of research, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Serotonin (5-HT) seems to be play an essential role in developing CNS inflammatory diseases and in particular in MS. Indeed, several studies have shown the anti-inflammatory potential of this neurotransmitter and also its vulnerability in inflammatory context. Moreover, a recent study has shown that 5-HT can reduced CD4 T cells proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokines released in vitro. Interestingly, treatment, treatment with SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) in an animal model of MS, on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, was shown to improve the clinical score and promote remission of the disease. Among serotonin receptors, the 5-HT7 receptor, can be considered as an interesting target to treat neurological disorders associated with inflammatory context. Present in humans and mice, this receptor is expressed on the surface of a large number of cells, such as T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells as well as on cells of CNS such as neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Given the importance of the positive cells for 5-HT7 receptor, in the inflammatory context observed in multiple sclerosis, the investigators propose to study the receptor expression in blood samples from multiple sclerosis patient.
The aim of this study is to determine whether there is an increase in the TSPO PET signal (measured with the radioligand [11C]PBR28) in the lungs of patients living with PAH relative to age matched controls. If so, TSPO PET may be a useful technique to non-invasively monitor response to therapy. To do this, we will perform 2 [11C]PBR28 PET scans. The first will quantify the total [11C]PBR28 PET signal. This signal is a combination of the specific signal (VS) and the nonspecific signal (VND). The second scan will be performed following dosing with an unlabelled TSPO ligand. By directly measuring the total [11C]PBR28 signal (scan 1) and the nonspecific [11C]PBR28 signal (scan 2) we can therefore calculate the specific [11C]PBR28 signal, and hence the amount of TSPO in the lung.