View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Disease.
Filter by:The reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, which involves the centripetal movement of free cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including the vessel wall, to the liver represent the primary mechanism by which HDL protects against atherosclerosis and by which it may induce plaque regression. Recent data reveal that the capacity of HDL to efflux cholesterol from macrophages, a metric of HDL function reflecting the initial step of the RCT, is clinically relevant, displaying a strong inverse association with both carotid intima-media thickness and the severity of angiographic CAD; such observations were independent of HDL-C levels. In human, the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP), represents a key protein of the RCT pathway and mediates redistribution of neutral lipids between lipoproteins, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target against atherosclerosis. It is known that CETP activity correlates with HDL-C levels and represents a key modulator of the ability of whole plasma to mediate free cholesterol efflux from human macrophages. Recent studies showed that 23% of endogenous plasma CETP activity variability is explained by plasma LDL-C (12.0%), HDL-C (6.4%) and TG (4.4%) whereas sex and BMI accounted together for only 0.7% of its variability. Scoring patients for cardiovascular risk on the basis of their plasma lipid levels (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C), revealed that patients with high cardiovascular risk (score ≥3) displayed a mean endogenous plasma CETP activity above 34%. Therefore plasma CETP activity represents a potent indicator of cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic disorders since it integrates major independent risk factors. The objective of this study is to decipher the relationship between CETP, HDL efflux capacity and the development of atherosclerosis in humans in order to identify CETP as a potent biomarker of atherosclerosis distribution.
The epidemic data shows that prehypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease, and heavy dietary salt intake could improve the developing of hypertension. We detected the risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis of prehypertensive patients with different levels of salt intake. The aim of this multicenter prospective, randomized controlled study is to evaluate regular physical exercise and salt diet effects on progression of coronary artery disease in patients with prehypertension.
This is a longitudinal observational study to identify and validate protein biomarkers for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases) and cardiovascular disease in smokers and ex-smokers attending primary care. Special emphasize is to correlate biomarkers to different phases of COPD, to progression of the disease, and to treatment of the disease. Furthermore, linkage between COPD, cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer will be investigated by identifying protein biomarkers.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of women in fertile age. PCOS is associated with metabolic syndrom, diabetes and and increased risk og cardiovascular disease. The study investigates the effect af intervention with GLP-1-analog on risk markers of cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS. 70 women will be included in af RCT. Hypothesis: GLP-1-analog treatment in women with PCOS (without diabetes) will result in a beneficial reduction in risk markers of vascular thrombosis and early cardiovascular disease.
The investigators will conduct qualitative interviews of hospital personnel regarding HAI prevention practices, and use coded data from these interviews to assist in developing standardized practices.
In this study, we studied lipoprotein abnormalities-related variables as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients on renal replacement therapies.We studied 96 dialyzed patients, 62 males and 34 females, on mean age 62.1 years old and 24 healthy controls.We concluded that metabolic acidosis activating the inflammation and lipoprotein oxidation influences the dyslipidemia and cardiovascular morbidity of patients on renal replacement therapies.Dialysis adequacy was positively associated to cardioprotective HDL.Peritoneal dialysis holds a better acidosis level and lower oxidized lipids than hemodialysis modalities.
The CRONOS-ADM (Coronary CT angiography evaluation for clinical outcomes in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus) registry is a large, prospective observational registry of demographic, clinical and laboratory data with long-term clinical outcome of asymptomatic diabetic patients without history of CAD or angina or angina-equivalent symptoms at two affiliated hospitals of The Catholic University of Korea.
This study will evaluate the effects of dietary composition on energy expenditure and chronic disease risk factors, while also exploring physiological mechanisms underlying these effects.
The rapid rise in obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) in the US over the past decade is responsible for more disease and death than any other single factor. Severe obesity is associated with numerous co-morbidities contributing to increased mortality risk, including end stage liver disease. Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end stage liver disease and obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent in this population. In one study, 54% of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) were either overweight or obese [body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2], and 7% were severely or morbidly obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2). In addition, weight gain after solid organ transplantation is common because of steroid-containing immunosuppression and physical inactivity from decreased exercise tolerance. Obesity has been shown to increase the surgical morbidity, including wound infections, wound dehiscence, and hernias after transplantation. More significantly, excess pretransplant body weight hinders the rate of improvement in health-related quality of life after liver transplantation[7]. One possible approach for treating obesity after a liver transplant is to use bariatric surgery. Currently, bariatric surgery is established as the most effective means for both weight loss and resolution of metabolic disease in the morbidly obese. Recent publications emphasize the usefulness of bariatric surgery in the reduction of long-term cardiometabolic risk, cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, and the management of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In addition, it decreases mortality and improves both social functioning and quality of life. Bariatric surgery may improve eligibility for transplant in patients previously excluded due to excessive weight. Bariatric procedures, such as sleeve gastrectomy, allow for significant weight loss over time that greatly reduces or eliminates obesity related illnesses such as diabetes, high blood pressure and liver disease. According to the National Institutes of Health, bariatric surgery is reserved for patients with a BMI of > 40 or > 35 kg/m2 in the presence of major co-morbidities (e.g. type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, heart disease, etc). A significant number of liver transplant candidates have obesity-related illnesses, thus putting them at risk for cardiovascular and metabolic complications post-transplant. In addition, patients awaiting OLT are typically no longer medically stable to undergo intensive diet and exercise regimens as treatment for their diseases. Finally, decreased activity and medications used to prevent liver graft rejection all contribute to increased weight gain following transplant. In fact, in a series of 320 non-obese liver transplant recipients, 21.6% of patients became obese within two years of transplant. These comorbidities also contribute to poorer post-transplant outcomes and development of what is known as the post-transplant metabolic syndrome. Morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m2) may also have higher frequencies of morbidities such as prolonged hospitalization and readmission as well as infectious, wound, and cardiovascular complications after transplantation. Finally, intra-abdominal adiposity creates a technically more challenging operative dissection, but no data exist on whether it increases perioperative morbidity or mortality in liver transplant patients. Sleeve gastrectomy is the most attractive restrictive procedure in a liver transplant population for several key reasons. One, sleeve gastrectomy does not require the implantation of a foreign body, such as placement of an adjustable gastric band, which in an immunocompromised post-transplant patient raises concern for severe infectious complications. Secondly, as stated previously, sleeve gastrectomy is a purely restrictive procedure, and therefore is least likely to cause significant macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. Finally, when compared to other restrictive procedures, such as adjustable gastric band placement, it has a lower likelihood of treatment failure (i.e. <50% excess weight loss). In fact, recent reports describe not only high failure rates with adjustable gastric band placement, but also high reintervention rates for both band-related complications (e.g. band erosion, leakage, slippage, port infection and esophageal dilatation) and failure to lose weight such that as few as 54% of patients may have their band in place after 10 years.
The Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multi-center epidemiologic study in Hispanic/Latino populations to determine the role of acculturation in the prevalence and development of disease, and to identify risk factors playing a protective or harmful role in Hispanics/Latinos.