View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Disease.
Filter by:This study aims to study the relationships between obesity, circadian rhythm, and aging. The investigators set up a prospective cohort registry for morbid obesity, obesity, and normal subjects with annual follow-up. The cohort aims to investigate the pathophysiological, molecular, genetic, and cellular aspects of the relationships between obesity, circadian deregulation, and impacts on aging. Clinical data, questionnaires, biological material, and molecular signatures will be collected and investigated.
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis and dementia are chronic diseases of ageing that impact adversely on the lives of those affected and have major health, social and economic consequences. A number of factors are considered to be implicated in these diseases, ranging from the more established factors to those that are less well recognised. Lifestyle factors such as diet, body weight, smoking, physical activity and years of education are acknowledged as risk factors for the development of these chronic diseases of aging. Emerging research suggests that elevated homocysteine and/or sub-optimal status of the metabolically related B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B12, B6 and riboflavin) may be associated with a higher risk of age-related disease. The interplay between relevant genetic and nutrient factors (gene-nutrient interactions) is considered to be highly relevant in the development (and prevention) of chronic diseases of ageing, however this relatively new area of research is as yet poorly understood. The collection of clinical, lifestyle, nutritional and genetic data on large numbers of patients would permit the investigation of those nutrients which interact with specific genes to increase the likelihood of a person developing chronic diseases of ageing. Aim: The aim of the TUDA study is to collect detailed clinical, lifestyle, dietary, genetic and biochemical data to investigate gene-nutrient interactions (particularly from the perspective of the B-vitamins and vitamin D/calcium) in the development of CVD, osteoporosis and dementia by studying older adults exhibiting the early stages of these common diseases, namely hypertension, low bone mineral density, and early memory loss, respectively. Secondary aim (follow up TUDA investigation): The aim of this longitudinal investigation is to re-assess clinical, nutritional, genetic and biochemical factors in relation to the progression of disease outcomes in TUDA study participants, in subsequent years after initial investigation. Study design: A total of 6000 non-institutionalised older Irish people aged over 60 years with early predictors of either dementia, stroke and osteoporosis (namely early memory loss, high blood pressure and low bone mineral density, respectively) recruited from three centres (St James's Hospital Dublin, Ulster University Coleraine and The Clinical Translational Research and Innovation Centre (C-TRIC), Londonderry) across Ireland. Non-fasting blood samples were collected from all subjects and routine blood biochemistry profiles and biomarkers of relevance to B vitamin and vitamin D status were measured. Supplement use was recorded and a targeted food frequency questionnaire was used to record dietary intakes of specific vitamins of interest (folate, B12, B6, riboflavin and D) from major food sources, particularly fortified foods. Physiological function tests including blood pressure, bone health (DXA scans) and cognitive function tests and anthropometric measures were also taken.
Among South Asians, in comparison to Western Europeans, there is an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and DM2-related cardiovascular disease. The effect of Liraglutide (Victoza®) on cardiovascular function is therefore investigated in the DM2 patient group of South Asian descent specifically. Liraglutide is a new widely prescribed therapeutic agent for DM2 patients. It is a Glucagon Like Peptide - 1 homologue that improves glucose homeostasis and reduces blood pressure and body weight. The disadvantageous metabolic phenotype as seen in South Asians includes a relatively large total fat mass, with predominately visceral relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue and lower brown adipose tissue volume and activity, accompanied by increased lipid levels. The key elements in the mechanism of action of Liraglutide seem to correspond to the differences in metabolic profile between South Asians and Western Europeans. Diastolic dysfunction, an early finding of cardiovascular disease in DM2 and obesity and an independent predictor of mortality, has been shown to be associated with the amount of triglyceride accumulation in the heart and liver. The investigators hypothesize that Liraglutide has direct advantageous cardiovascular effects and reduces triglyceride accumulation in end-organs, specifically for DM2 patients of South Asian descent.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the blood flow to the heart during stress and assess changes in blood flow after psychological treatment in participants with coronary artery disease. The aims of the study are to assess the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback (versus usual care) on global and regional myocardial blood flow (MBF), peripheral vascular function, and autonomic changes during mental stress.
Several cytotoxic regimens are related to endothelial cell damage and vascular toxicity. Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of all known cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and closely related to the metabolic syndrome. Both CVD and diabetes contributes importantly to total mortality and to breast cancer (BC) specific mortality. In the epidemiological part of the project, the investigators will determine the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity/mortality in early BC patients compared to the Danish background population. In the clinical part, the investigators will study the changes of endothelial function and metabolic parameters in BC patients receiving chemotherapy. With increasing number of BC survivors, long-term consequences of curative cancer treatment should be studied. The investigators hypothesize that cytotoxic therapy worsens metabolic parameters possibly through endothelial dysfunction. If this is true, the next step will be to evaluate how strict metabolic control will affect prognosis.
In order to reduce cardiovascular risk, current European guidelines recommend a diet low on saturated fatty acid through replacement with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Polyunsaturated fatty acids can be classified into omega-3 and omega-6. However the results from recent meta-analyses investigating coronary risk outcomes did not clearly support a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of omega-3 or omega-6. The aim of this study is to investigate the short term effects of a high intake of PUFAs on microvascular function, lipids, inflammation and other cardiovascular risk factors in inactive patients with increased waistline.
The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of practice facilitation as a quality improvement strategy for implementing the Million Hearts' ABCS treatment guidelines for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) among high-risk patients who receive care in primary care practices in New York City. The ABCS refer to the following: Aspirin in high-risk individuals (A), Blood pressure control and management (B), Cholesterol management (C), and Smoking cessation (S). The long-term goal is to create a robust infrastructure to disseminate and implement evidence based practice guidelines (EBPG) findings in primary care practices and improve practices' capacity to receive and implement other EBPG findings in the future.
The ketogenic diet is a non-pharmacological treatment prescribed especially for children and indicated in most specialized centers for patients with refractory epilepsy. The composition of the ketogenic diet is based on high-fat, low-carbohydrate, moderate protein content, and the production of ketone bodies is the probable mechanism involved in the control of seizures. The relationship between the treatment of the ketogenic diet and changes in oxidative characteristics, physical and lipid are not well established. Some studies show a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides in children being treated with ketogenic diet, but other studies have shown that changes in lipid profile in the long term do not appear to be significant, beyond the influence of these changes on coronary heart disease are unknown. The studies performed in the last two decades have shown that besides the changes in the lipid profile, oxidative modification of lipoproteins are essential for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and physical properties of lipoproteins also appear to be involved in this process, suggesting that the particle size of lipoproteins, through the analysis of subfractions can provide more details of the cardiovascular risk. Thus, this projetct aims to compare the effects of the classical ketogenic diet with the ketogenic diet modified with lower content of saturated fatty acids and a higher content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, the oxidative changes of LDL, lipidomic profile, the concentration of antioxidants in production inflammatory cytokines and the subfractions of LDL and HDL in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy, the clinical effect on controlling epilepsy.
The study is a randomized, open, cross-over trial designed to test whether a vegetarian diet would benefit the cardiovascular risk profile of the participants, compared with a Mediterranean diet.
A cohort study with Korean adults to investigate biomarkers in prediction of cardiometabolic and other diseases