View clinical trials related to HIV Infections.
Filter by:Population mobility is common in South Africa, but important research gaps exist describing this mobility and its impact on engagement in HIV care, particularly among pregnant and postpartum women. Through this study, the investigators propose to test a smartphone application - CareConekta - to conduct essential formative work on mobility and evaluate this app as an intervention to facilitate engagement in HIV care during times of mobility. This work is critical to adapting CareConekta for widespread use, providing critical information about mobility during the peripartum period and the impact on engagement in HIV care, and piloting this intervention to improve engagement.
This phase II trial studies how well standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy given with or without paclitaxel and carboplatin work in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women with cervical cancer that has spread to nearby tissue or lymph nodes. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells. They may either kill the cancer cells by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Radiation therapy to the pelvis destroys potential cancer cells in the pelvic area and significantly reduces the risk of tumor recurrence in the pelvic area. It is not yet known if giving chemotherapy and radiation therapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin afterward may work better than than just chemotherapy and radiation therapy in treating HIV-positive patients with advanced cervical cancer.
Through a multi-center large-sample non-randomized controlled study, the effect of voriconazole, amphotericin B sequential itraconazole therapy on Talaromyces in Human Immunodeficiency Virus（HIV）negative hosts were compared to clarify whether the two therapies were equivalent; A comprehensive efficacy evaluation system and standard treatment program was established to provide a basis for standardized treatment of Talaromyces in Human Immunodeficiency Virus negative hosts.The observational indicators included: 2-week all-cause mortality; 24-week all-cause mortality; clinical improvement time; level of decrease of fungus in the blood culture medium two weeks before treatment; recurrence; appearance of adverse drug reaction at the level 3 and above. Dynamically monitor the immune cells and factors like anti-Interferon-γ autoantibodies, Interferon-γ, Th1/Th2, and Th17/Treg in the HIV-negative Talaromyces host microenvironment, and observe the host's immune status and its change. 3. study the effect of absence of Interferon-γ and Interferon-γ Receptor (IFN-γR）on the activation and function of anti-Interferon-γ autoantibodies, Th1/Th2, and Th17/Treg by establishing a Talaromyces mouse model that knocks out the Interferon-γ and IFN-γR gene and a IFN-γ silenced cell model; Study the effect of anti-IFN-γ autoantibody on the activation and function of IFN-γ、Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg by increasing its titer in vitro and vivo; determine by which path the anti-IFN-γ autoantibody of HIV-negative host influences its immune regulation mechanism; finally, the intervention effect of IFN-γ on high titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies is studied, providing a new idea for immunotargeted therapy.
Cardiac steatosis is increased among individuals with HIV, and may predispose to cardiac mechanical dysfunction and subsequent heart failure. The pathogenesis and treatment of cardiac steatosis is not well understood. The investigators have previously shown that perturbed growth hormone (GH) secretion in HIV contributes to ectopic fat accumulation in the viscera and the liver. Moreover, the investigators have found that augmentation of endogenous GH secretion with the FDA-approved medication tesamorelin reduces visceral and hepatic fat. In this longitudinal observational study, the investigators will examine patients with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation who either plan or do not plan to initiate tesamorelin prescribed clinically. The investigators hypothesize that blunted GH secretion in HIV is associated with cardiac steatosis. The investigators also hypothesize that use of tesamorelin for 6 months is associated with a reduction in intramyocardial fat and preserved cardiac function.
High and sustained adherence is critical for achieving the individual and public health benefits of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). Electronic adherence monitors provide a detailed understanding of adherence and enable real-time interventions. Research has shown the benefit of these monitors and low-cost models have recently become available; however, their use to date has largely been confined to the research context. This study is an implementation science-driven assessment of strategies to improve uptake of electronic adherence monitoring and associated interventions for routine, clinical delivery of ART in Uganda. The study consists of two aims. In Aim 1, the investigators will conduct multi-level formative interviews to design a preliminary implementation strategy. In Aim 2, the investigators will use an iterative approach to optimize the implementation strategy. All work will be guided by the Consolidated Framework for Research Implementation.
The most commonly used illicit stimulant in HIV-infected individuals is methamphetamine (MA). Prior studies demonstrate strong evidence that MA promotes increased HIV transcription as well as immune dysregulation. A challenge in achieving worldwide HIV eradication is targeting specific marginalized populations who are most likely to benefit from an HIV cure but possess poorer immune responses. For this study, HIV+ infected ART-suppressed individuals with no prior history of MA use disorder will be administered oral methamphetamine (the maximum FDA approved daily dose for the treatment of childhood obesity) to determine the effects of short-term MA exposure on residual virus production, gene expression, and inflammation. Measures of MA exposure in urine and serum will then be associated with residual virus production, gene expression, cell surface immune marker protein expression, and systemic markers of inflammation. The clinical trial data will generate advanced gene expression and immunologic data to identify potential novel targets for reversing HIV latency, reducing inflammation, and personalizing future therapies in HIV+ individuals who use MA.
The aim of this study is to compare the clinical response and mortality rate by an opportunistic disease in HIV-infected individuals who start immediate versus conventional antiretroviral therapy. Immediate ART (iART) is defined as starting antiretroviral therapy in the first 48 hours after the hospitalization. Conventional ART (cART) is defined as starting antiretroviral therapy once the opportunistic infection is under control at the discretion of infectious disease specialist.
This mixed methods study will utilize a randomized step-wedge design to assess the impact of point-of-care (POC) versus conventional early infant diagnosis (EID) on key outcomes including timely return of results to caregivers and time to initiation on treatment for HIV-infected infants. Data will be collected through longitudinal clinical follow-up and medical chart extraction of routine records and lab forms. Feasibility and acceptability data will be collected through interviews with mothers/caregivers of HIV-exposed infants, and community focus groups.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has repeatedly been found to effectively treat depression in adult populations, and CBT for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) is an effective treatment for improving depressive symptoms and medication adherence in the context of various chronic health conditions, including HIV-infection. However, the effects of CBT have not been evaluated in South Korea. Even though HIV infection is currently a controllable disease for patients on successful antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PLWH) are still suffering from internal and external stigmatization in many Asian countries, including South Korea. It is not clear whether CBP-AD would be successful intervention among Asian countries with cultural background of strong stigmatization on HIV/AIDS. We plan to do survey on facilitators or barriers to patients and providers to identify significant contextual factors in South Korea. Demographic data and clinical data including CD4+ T cell counts, viral loads, and antiretroviral therapy regimens will be collected, as well. Specialists such as psychiatrist or clinical psychologist would be the best provider for CBT intervention. However, an effective and feasible therapy model should be integrated into primary HIV care in South Korea. Medical personnel within most HIV clinics in South Korea include infectious diseases doctors, clinical nurses, and counselling nurses, but CBT services from psychiatrist or clinical psychologist are not routinely available in many hospitals. Hospital-based counselling services with experienced nurses have been provided in many HIV clinics in South Korea, and the counselling nurses would be feasible providers for CBT intervention of this study. So, we plan to investigate the effects of a nurse-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy.
This study evaluates the use of a social-network approach to encourage African-American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) to adopt pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection. Thirty-six networks of AAMSM will be recruited in Milwaukee, WI, and Cleveland, OH. Half of these networks will have their leaders trained to endorse PrEP to their social network members, and the other half will be given brief HIV prevention counseling.