View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Disease.
Filter by:The study will determine the effects of different types of soybean oils on biomarkers of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There will be four 4-week diet periods in which participants will consume the following oils, within the context of a controlled diet: soybean oil, high-oleic soybean oil, blend of high oleic soybean oil & fully hydrogenated soybean oil, and blend of palm olein & palm stearin.
Heart disease is a major cause of ill-health and death in adults. The risk factors for heart disease, if present in children, carry over into adult life. Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in Canada and is associated with many heart disease risk factors such as high blood pressure. Another complication of obesity is obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is marked by snoring at night, pauses in breathing and low oxygen levels and occurs in up to 60% of obese children, but it is diagnosed in less than 20% of obese children. Importantly, sleep apnea in children, like obesity, is linked with high blood pressure and heart disease. Thus, children with sleep apnea who are obese are likely to have an increased risk for high blood pressure and heart disease. Currently, there is little knowledge of the extent of heart disease in obese children with sleep apnea. The best treatment for both obesity and sleep apnea is weight loss. Weight loss strategies are generally not very successful and since 75% of obese children will become obese adults, urgent treatments are needed to reduce heart disease in the long-term. Treating sleep apnea in obese children may be one of the ways to reduce heart disease. Sleep apnea can be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which involves wearing a mask attached to a breathing machine while asleep. It is unknown how effective CPAP is in reducing heart disease in obese children. The investigators will recruit children with sleep apnea who are obese and test for heart disease risk. The investigators will then treat these children with CPAP. After 6 months of CPAP, the investigators will repeat the tests to determine if CPAP lowers the risk for heart disease. At the end of the 6 months, those receiving CPAP will be randomized to either continue CPAP or discontinue CPAP for a 2 week period. At the end of the 2 week period the participants will repeat the tests again to determine the magnitude of the effect of CPAP. The investigators expect that CPAP treatment for sleep apnea in obese children will reduce blood pressure and lower heart disease. These results will increase awareness of the dangers of sleep apnea in obese children, which will facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, ultimately reducing heart disease long-term.
CVD accounts for 15% of all deaths in Malawi. Both HIV and ART are risk factors for CVD through direct toxic and inflammatory cardiovascular effects. (44,45). At the moment, one out of every 10 Malawian is HIV positive and roughly 8 out of 10 of those infected are now on ART (2). Therefore, HIV and ART may be contributing to the burden of CVD in Malawi. Currently, there are only a few studies assessing CVD risk in the HIV patient population on ART. In Malawi, no such studies exist. Therefore, the investigators propose a novel study assessing baseline cardiovascular disease risk using two novel ultrasound technologies in HIV patients on ART. Cardiovascular disease risk will be assessed using surrogate cardiovascular markers of disease. These surrogates include markers of endothelial function and cardiovascular modulating inflammatory biomarkers. The inflammatory biomarkers measured will be TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CRP. Aspirin, by way of its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effect has been demonstrated to inhibit atherosclerosis by way of decreasing TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP and improving endothelial function. Therefore a second aim of the study will be to demonstrate that aspirin improves surrogate markers of atherosclerosis.
Background: Although remifentanil based anesthesia has been preferred for fast-track cardiac anesthesia, its recovery profile in cognitive function has not been investigated. Authors determined postoperative Bispectral index (BIS) score as well as extubation time after remifentanil-based propofol-supplemented anesthesia and compared them with those after conventional balanced sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia. Methods: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery using moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) will be randomly allocated to get remifentanil-based propofol-supplemented (Group R) or conventional sevoflurane-sufentanil regimen (Group C) in the study period. For anesthetic induction and maintenance, fixed target controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil (plasma concentration 20 ng/ml) and TCI-propofol for maintaining BIS score 40-60 (effect concentration 0.8-1.5 μg/ml) in Group R, and TCI-sufentanil (Cp 0.4- 0.8 ng/ml) and sevoflurane inhalation for maintaining 80-120 % of baseline BP and BIS < 60 (< 1.5 MAC) in Group C, respectively. Authors will analyze postoperative recovery of cognitive function by using BIS after the use of remifentanil-based propofol-supplemented anesthesia for cardiac surgery and to compare them to those after the use of conventional balanced sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia.
South Asians have a much higher risk of diabetes compared to Europeans and investigators don't know why this is. Investigators think that South Asians' capacity to store fat safely under the skin is lower than Europeans, so they start to store fat around internal organs and in liver and muscle, and at lower body weights than Europeans. These increased levels of internal fat storage are thought to increase risk of diabetes. The purpose of the study therefore is to investigate whether there are differences with weight gain and weight loss in fat storage, fat cell function and metabolic risk factors, in South Asians compared with Europeans. Investigators will compare South Asian and European men at the start of the study, after they have gained about 7% body weight, and again after they have lost 7-15% body weight (from peak weight) to see how gaining and losing weight affects fat storage within the body and the function of fat cells. Investigators will also assess the effect of weight gain and weight loss on metabolism, fitness and risk factors for diabetes and heart disease.
BACKGROUND: The Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) is the traditional diet of Northern Portugal and Galicia, a region in northwest Spain. The SEAD has been associated with a lower risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction. Possible mechanisms of this association may be related with a lower concentration of markers of inflammation and with reduced triglycerides, insulin, insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an Atlantic Diet on i) lipid profile, ii) markers of inflammation, and iii) anthropometric indices in a population-based study METHODS: This is a non-pharmacological clinical trial study which is performed on a family-oriented basis. 250 families (~ 750 children and adults, older than 3 years) were selected to participate in the study and randomized into Atlantic Diet (AD) (n=125 families) and control (n=125 families) groups. The AD groups participate in a diet program 1 day a month for 3 months in 120-minute diet sessions and freely receive AD food, characterized by a high intake of vegetables, cheese, olive oil, mussels and by wine consumption during meals. Control group subjects do not participate in any regular diet activity during this period and did not receive additional food. Exclusion criteria are alcoholism, lipid treatment, dementia, and terminal disease. Weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), skin folds, nutrient intake from 3-day recalls, food frequency questionnaire, physical activity, blood pressure, metabolic function (fasting blood glucose, HBA1c, insulin resistance and lipid profile), and inflammation markers (c-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) are measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Mixed effect models will be performed to assess the significance of changes in the cardiometabolic parameters. The primary end point is the change in lipid profile compared with baseline and the control group arm at the end of Month 6. The secondary exploratory end points were change in anthropometric indices and inflammation markers at Month 6.
The aim of this study is the comparison between the effects of supplementation with omega 3 or placebo for 8 weeks in serum level of BDNF، Follistatin، Irisin in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Cardiac output monitoring is mandatory in most surgical and critical care patients. Many techniques to assess cardiac output are invasive and/or have many limitations, contraindications and drawbacks. The measurement of cardiac output throughout the CO2 signal is an interesting option due to the simplicity and non-invasive nature of its calculation. The present study was designed to compare the cardiac output measurement using a capnodynamic formula versus the reference thermodilution method.
While observational studies often find that diets rich in fish reduce the risk of disease, and that diets including a high intake of red meat are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, the difference in health effects between red meat and fish are rarely researched in intervention studies. The investigators hypothesise that the post-prandial plasma response of lipids and markers of cardiovascular disease risk will be more favourable after intake of herring compared to beef. In addition, while pickling herring in a brine/sugar solution is a common form of preparation, little is known if there is a difference in potential health effects based on the preparation of herring. The investigators will compare baked and pickled herring to understand if preparation is potentially an important factor to be considered when looking at intake of fish and health.
The investigators propose to evaluate the implementation of an efficacious medication adherence program in a group at high risk for CVD. The program involves patients receiving/responding to e-reminders to take CVD medications via patient-selected technology [mobile/web-based applications, short message service (SMS; text messaging), interactive voice response (IVR), or e-mail] supported by a tailored, monthly, self-management program administered by either research staff or a case manager staff member from the Duke Outpatient Clinic via the telephone. This is a hybrid type II implementation science study.