View clinical trials related to Obesity.
Filter by:Variability of physical assessments in an older population that is overweight or obese.
Reducing food portion size is a potential strategy to reduce energy intake. There is some evidence to suggest that individuals with lower socioeconomic position (SEP) intend to eat more from larger portions, suggesting that the effect of portion size on food intake might vary by SEP. However, no study has tested this by measuring actual food intake. This study examines whether reductions to the portion size of components of a main meal will reduce daily energy intake, and whether and how socioeconomic position (higher vs lower) moderates the portion size effect. In a crossover experiment, participants will be served all meals in the lab on two separate days, with the portion size of main meal components at lunch and dinner manipulated (i.e. smaller on one day vs larger on the other day). All other foods offered are identical. Food intake from the portion-manipulated lunch and dinner, as well as all other meal components (breakfast, dessert, seconds, snacks) will be measured, and any additional food consumed by the participant will be measured using self-report, giving total daily energy intake (kcal).
The global obesity epidemic presents an unprecedented challenge to the public health worldwide. The factors associated with obesity are complex, and include health behaviours, such as eating habits and daily physical activity, and broader social, environmental and biological determinants that influence these health behaviours. The intestinal microbiota has several beneficial functions related to host health and accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development of obesity, obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance. Differences in community composition, functional genes and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota appear to distinguish lean vs obese individuals, suggesting that gut 'dysbiosis' contributes to the development of obesity and/or its complications. Recent studies have suggested some beneficial effects of probiotics and/or prebiotics on obesity and metabolic syndrome in adults; such experience is limited in children and adolescents. There are limited information about the synbiotics in children and adolescent with obesity.The mechanism of action of probotics on obesity are scarce and microbiota restoration/reshaping might be the one. The objective of this study tested the effects of a multispecies synbiotic on anthropometric measurement, glucose metabolism, lipid parameters and intestinal microbiota in children with exogenous obesity.
The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive neurocognitive program for the treatment of excess weight. The program will include sessions to improve multiple cognitive processes implicated in weight gain and obesity. These cognitive processes include approach-avoidance bias, inhibition control, implementation intentions and episodic future thinking. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: 1) the experimental group will receive active neurocognitive sessions, 2) an active control group that will receive sham sessions and 3) a usual treatment control group. All three groups will receive a motivational interviewing session, along with personalized diet and physical exercise recommendations. We hypothesized that the neurocognitive program will decrease body mass index in people with overweight and obesity. In addition, the neurocognitive program will improve other anthropometric measures (waist circumference, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios), lifestyle behaviors (eating behavior and physical activity), as well as cognitive processes (approach-avoidance bias, food inhibition, food liking and delay of gratification). Finally, the program will show its efficiency in the economic balance of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility.
The popularity of marathons and endurance events has increased over the last few decades and, interestingly, the demographics of participants have also changed. From 1980 to 2002 the average race time to complete the marathon lengthened from ~3.5 hours to ~4.5 hours. Likewise, many endurance races include "Clydesdale" and "Athena" divisions for heavier weight male and female runners, respectively. As such, there has been an increase of overweight and obese participants in these races. For example, one study consisting of 250 runners determined, according to BMI, that approximately 15% and 31% of the female and male participants, respectively, were classified as overweight, with 31% and 33% classified as obese. Therefore, many recreational endurance athletes are overweight despite their high level of activity. On one hand, these data are positive as regular exercise reduces cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in overweight and obese populations. Yet, it is well documented in sedentary obese individuals that excess adiposity can lead to disturbances in adipocyte lipolysis and altered substrate utilization at rest and during exercise, and can decrease muscle quality. However, it is unknown if overweight individuals that exercise regularly have disrupted fat metabolism, circulating hormones, or muscle quality. No study has directly determined if differences exist in fat metabolism, circulating hormones, and muscle quality between overweight recreational female athletes and their lean counterparts when training status is equivalent. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to determine if differences in pre and post-exercise fat metabolism, circulating insulin and growth hormone, and muscle quality exist between active overweight individuals compared to active lean individuals with similar training history and who have regularly trained for and participated in endurance events within the last few years.
Treatment with monotherapy of moxonidine 0.6 mg daily in treatment-naïve subjects with mild or moderate hypertension
Objectives To compare oral health (dental caries, periodontal status, and erosive tooth wear (ETW)), diet and oral hygiene habits between obese and normal weight adolescents, and to explore possible risk associations. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, a convenient sample of 81 obese adolescents (age range 11-18) from a rehabilitation centre, and 81 age-sex-matched normal weight adolescents were selected. Groups were defined using the Body Mass Index and growth curves for Flemish. Oral health was measured using DMFT, gingival, plaque and BEWE index. A validated questionnaire was utilized to assess diet and oral hygiene habits.
Obesity is associated with difficult intubation rate of 30%, and this study was performed to compare the use of McCoy laryngoscope and C-MAC D-blade video laryngoscope for intubation in obese patients. A total 104 patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35kg/m² scheduled for general anesthesia were randomly assigned to be intubated with McCoy laryngoscope or C-MAC D-blade video laryngoscope. The primary outcome was intubation time, and secondary outcomes were mask ventilation scale, intubation difficulty scale (IDS), percentage of glottis opening (POGO) score, and hemodynamic variables including mean arterial pressure, heart rate and saturation.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in super obese patients (BMI≥50kg/m2) is a challenging operation. Weight reduction with intragastric balloon (IGB) prior to LRYGB may improve operative outcomes and improves weight loss. We assessed 155 patients, with a BMI≥50 kg/m2 who underwent either intra-gastric balloon (IGB) insertion followed by LRYGB (two-stage group), or LRYGB as the definitive bariatric procedure (single-stage group) in our institution. Two stage procedure was adopted for high-risk individuals.
The obese patient presents a quantitative and qualitative deficit of muscle mass as occurs in the elderly subject that was named Sarcopenic Obesity (SO). The use of a diet that includes protein supplements and / or essential amino acids seems to improve this condition in the elderly; there are no similar studies in obese subjects, in particular during a low-calorie diet and physical activity program that can produce further loss of muscle mass. This study aims to verify whether the administration of these supplements (protein or amino acid) in the obese patient are effective in improving anthropometric and functional parameters and some serum markers of muscle metabolism. The results obtained could represent new therapeutic protocols in the treatment of obesity.