View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The objective of this study is to determine whether targeted pharmacological improvement of insulin sensitivity will normalize the associated elevations of thrombotic and inflammatory cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers in individuals with insulin resistance.
This study will determine whether pioglitazone (Actos, a drug approved to treat diabetes, can benefit HIV-infected people with fatty liver. Fatty changes of the liver (also known as steatosis) have been linked to diabetes and long-term liver damage in some patients. Pioglitazone has been shown to improve fatty liver in people without HIV; this study will see if it is beneficial for people with HIV as well. HIV-infected patients 18 years of age and older with increased fat in the liver may be eligible for this study. Screening includes a CT scan and liver biopsy (withdrawal of a small sample of liver tissue through a needle). Participants are randomly assigned to take either 45 mg of pioglitazone or placebo (sugar pill) by mouth once a day for 48 weeks. At the end of 48 weeks, all participants stop taking their medication and are followed for an additional 48 weeks to see what, if any benefits, of pioglitazone persist after treatment is stopped. In addition to taking the study medication, participants undergo the following procedures: - Visits to the NIH Clinical Center over a period of approximately 2 years at day 0 and weeks 2, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 52, 72, and 96. Most visits take about 1 hour and include blood drawing for various laboratory tests. - Insulin clamp test at day 0 and weeks 24 and 48 to see how the body processes glucose. This test takes 4 to 6 hours and may include an overnight stay at the Clinical Center. A catheter (plastic tube) is placed in a vein in the arm to infuse insulin and another is placed in a vein on the back of the hand to draw blood samples. Blood sugar is checked frequently and glucose is given to keep blood sugar at normal values. - Nutrition evaluations at day 0 and weeks 24 and 48. Subjects write down all the food they eat and drink for 4 days before the visit. They meet with a nutritionist to review the food record and to complete simple measurements of body fat and shape. - CT scan of liver and abdomen at weeks 24, 48, 72 and 96. - Liver biopsy at week 48.
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and body composition in relation to secterion and expression of adipocytokines. Obese subjects undergo 6 months hypocaloric diet and, before, during and at the end of the diet, plasma samples and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples are obtained for subsequent analysis. In addition, body composition and insulin resistance are measured before and during the diet.
Abdominal obesity is strongly associated with dyslipidemia, which may account for the associated increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary disease. Weight reduction is suggested to be a preferred and effective first-line strategy to correct lipid abnormalities, particularly in overweight/obese subjects. This improvement may be related to the effect of reduction in abdominal fat mass on apoB and apoA-I metabolism, but this remains to be fully demonstrated. Hypothesis: Reduction in abdominal fat mass by weight loss decreases apoB concentration and raises HDL-cholesterol chiefly by increasing LDL-apoB fractional catabolic rate (FCR), as well as decreasing HDL apoA-I, respectively.
Metformin is an insulin sensitizing drug routinely used for the treatment of anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). To date, the metabolic effects of the long-term metformin administration are know but no data are available on the effects after its suspension. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of metformin suspension on insulin sensitivity in PCOS patients.
The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of an insulin-sensitizer (Actos) added to a standard Pegasys/Copegus combination therapy of chronic hepatitis C in patients who have previously failed a pegylated-interferon-alpha / ribavirin combination without the insulin sensitizer. The primary endpoint is the initial virological response (level of HCV RNA in serum) as evaluated after 12 weeks of triple therapy.
Previous scientific research has found multiple genes that affect the risk for developing heart disease or complications during the treatment of heart disease. Less is currently known about how patients with heart disease may differ on the basis of other ailments they may have and how these other ailments may affect their treatment and prognosis. For this reason, researchers at the Mid America Heart Institute are conducting this research to find out how genes affect heart disease and recovery following angioplasty. The study will include patients with diabetes in order to determine if their genes are different from patients without diabetes. A total of 1,607 patients were enrolled. There were 2 groups of patients selected for this study. The first group of patients included into the study will be those that are scheduled to have a diagnostic angiogram only. The second group of patients were those that had along with the angiogram a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, PTCA and or the use of a device called a coronary "stent", designed to help prop open the artery and to help avoid collapse. Samples for both groups will be stored for 30 years. After this time, all samples will be destroyed. Ultimately, we are hopeful that we will identify genes that will identify groups of patients at risk for heart disease.
Current estimates suggest that 65% of American adults are overweight or obese. Excess body weight has been associated with an increased risk of a number of metabolic abnormalities, including high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, and low HDL ("good") cholesterol levels. Insulin resistance (when the body becomes less sensitive to the blood sugar-lowering hormone insulin, and more of the hormone is needed to keep blood sugar levels under control) also frequently occurs as a result of excess body weight. These abnormalities can all increase the risk of heart disease and other serious medical problems. Individuals who are overweight often have a number of these abnormalities at the same time, a situation which is often called "the metabolic syndrome." Dietary changes, physical activity, and weight loss can lead to improvements in each of the metabolic abnormalities described above. However, the best type of diet for people with the metabolic syndrome is not known. This study has been designed to test the effects of several promising dietary patterns, with and without weight loss, in overweight adults with the metabolic syndrome. Most individuals who have the metabolic syndrome do not know they have the condition, so we will be screening many healthy overweight volunteers to see if they may be eligible.
We hypothesize that reduction in dietary advance glycation endproducts (AGE) intake will increase insulin sensitivity and normalise insulin secretion in overweight and obese individuals through reduction of chronic low grade inflammation. We propose to test this hypothesis by performing euglycemic hypeinsulinemic glucose clamp and intravenous glucose tolerance test before and after low AGE diet and normal Australian diet in a cross-over design. This study will provide information relevant to the development and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Aliskiren on insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. The efficacy of Aliskiren was compared to Amlodipine.