View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Purpose: It was planned to determine the effect of oral whey given before total hip arthroplasty (THA) on postoperative insulin resistance, cortisol, CRP((C reactive protein), albumin level and healing quality. Design: It was planned as Randomized Controlled. Method: Research: The study is planned to include individuals aged 50-70, who are planned for THA in the orthopedics and traumatology clinic of a public hospital, who have undergone spinal anesthesia, who have BMI <40 and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists)1,2,3. Individuals with endocrine or renal disorders or allergies to whey will be excluded from the study. It was planned to include at least 60 patients in the study (30 in the intervention group, 30 in the control group). It is planned to use the Patient Introduction Information Form, Physiological Measurements Chart (vital findings (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory SpO2 (pulse oximetry) value), blood glucose, cortisol, CRP and albumin value and insulin resistance) and postoperative recovery quality scale in data collection. The intervention group will be given 600 ml of oral whey 6 hours before the surgery, and the control group will be allowed to drink 600 ml of drinking water 6 hours before the surgery. 3ml of blood will be taken for blood glucose, CRP, cortisol, albumin and insulin resistance values 24 hours before the surgery, just before entering the surgery and 24 hours after the surgery. The first part of the healing quality scale is planned to be evaluated immediately before the surgery, and the second part 24 hours after the surgery. Conclusion: When the literature was scanned, it was seen that the number of studies examining the effect of oral whey on metabolic and endocrine values in orthopedic patients was very limited and academic studies were needed. In this context, examining the effect of whey intake given before THA on the patient's blood glucose, CRP, albumin, cortisol, insulin resistance and healing quality is an original research that will contribute to the field.
Impaired brain vascular function precedes the development of reduced cognitive performance, while brain insulin-resistance is also associated with cognitive decline. Peanut consumption has already been shown to beneficially affect cognitive performance. However, underlying mechanisms have not yet been established, while well-controlled trials on longer-term effects of peanuts on cognitive performance are highly needed. The hypothesis is that longer-term peanut consumption has beneficial effects on (regional) cerebral blood flow responses (primary outcome), which may relate to an improved cognitive performance (secondary outcome) in older men and women. Important objectives are to investigate in older adults the effect of 16-week peanut consumption on (i) brain vascular function in cognitive-control brain areas, and (ii) brain insulin-sensitivity. We will also focus on changes in cognitive performance as assessed with a neuropsychological test battery (secondary objective). Cerebral blood flow responses before (brain vascular function) and after the administration of intranasal insulin (brain insulin sensitivity) will be non-invasively quantified by the non-invasive gold standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-perfusion method Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL).
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a drug called semaglutide and to see whether it can reduce IHTG. IHTG will be measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; an MRI machine contains a powerful magnet that uses simple radio waves to take pictures of organs). Semaglutide (brand name Ozempic®) is a drug that is used to treat people who have diabetes; it also causes weight loss and may provide some protection against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In PLWH, the use of semaglutide to reduce weight and the level of IHTG are experimental.
The goal of this single-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial is to test the effects of an oral ketone supplement on appetite, cognition, metabolism, and cardiovascular function in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. The main question[s] it aims to answer are: - Does taking the ketone supplement reduce appetite and improve cognition? - How does the ketone supplement alter metabolism and cardiovascular function? Participants will be asked to consume a randomly assigned ketone ester supplement or a placebo and testing will be done to see how the supplement affects the following compared to a placebo: - appetite, - cognition, - metabolism - cardiovascular function Researchers will compare individuals with obesity and insulin resistance to individuals with normal weight and no insulin resistance to see if the ketone supplement affects groups differently.
The aim of this intervention clinical study are: evaluation the effect of vitamin D supplementation on anti-oxidant status, inflammation, insulin resistance in patients type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research question is how the effect of vitamin D supplementation for 3 and 6 months on anti-oxidant status, inflammation and insulin resistance in patients type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main tasks participants will be asked to do: - interviews, filling the questionnaires, and giving informed consent after receiving an explanation by the researcher about the purpose of the research - taking blood for screening examination which includes examination of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), albumin, creatinine and blood Ca. - participant who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, performed a physical examination (height and weight) and blood collection for examination 25(OH)D. - Subjects/participant with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency will be included in randomization, two groups: the group that received vitamin D3 5,000 IU and the group that received a placebo. Vitamin D 5000 IU and placebo taken daily for 6 months. - Observations for 3 months and 6 months from the first time supplementation was given. Treatments they'll be given: - During the study, the subject's clinical condition will be monitored. - Subject observations are monitored by telephone or google form to subject or their families
Disturbances in the hypothalamus communication pathways with other regions in the brain and the periphery may represent a potential link between metabolic and cognitive health. The current project evaluates whether enhancing synaptic plasticity of this pathway can improve weight management, insulin sensitivity, and cognitive functions. In recent studies, we were able to show that the human brain is sensitive to insulin with favorable effects on peripheral metabolism and cognition. These brain regions encompass the hypothalamus and its connections to the striatum and prefrontal cortex. We want to investigate whether it is possible to enhance neuroplasticity of insulin-responsive brain regions to suppress the weight gain trajectory and improve dopamine-dependent cognitive functions in people with a high risk to develop type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, neuroimaging tools using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be implemented to assess synaptic plasticity of a neural network essential for metabolic and cognitive health.
The overall purpose of the study is to investigate whether three weeks of intermittent fasting (alternate-day fasting, (ADF)) result in a more pronounced "metabolic shift" towards the use of ketone bodies than three weeks of Western diet. The investigators will use state-of-the-art PET/CT tracer techniques and well-established steady state kinetics methods for glucose and fatty acids. The study results will provide new insights into the physiological basis of the potential cardio-protective effects of ketone bodies during ADF and will determine whether ADF can help prevent and treat heart failure. Ketone bodies are produced in the liver as an alternative fuel when blood glucose levels are low, as can be seen with various types of diets or after strenuous exercise. The energy produced by breaking down ketone bodies has been shown to require less oxygen than breaking down glucose and fatty acids. In a previous study, the investigators observed that ketone bodies act as a kind of "super fuel" for the heart and improve the heart's energy utilization. It is still unknown how high ketone levels are needed to see these cardio-protective effects. As patients with insulin resistance and/or heart failure have a lower glucose uptake in cardiac tissue, and as energy production by the breakdown of fatty acids is oxygen-demanding, an elevated level of blood ketones can therefore potentially reduce the morbidity seen in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease. PET/CT is a non-invasive well-established imaging modality suitable for tracking the fate of metabolites, as most substances or metabolites can be labeled by a suitable PET isotope. PET has sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to enable direct quantification of e.g. uptake and oxidation rates and has been successfully used by the investigators' department to assess heart efficiency, oxygen consumption, and fatty acid metabolism. Currently, the investigators are in the process of validating the PET tracer 11C-beta-hydroxybutyrate (11C-3-OHB) as a radio tracer for human studies. The tracer will be able to detect changes in biodistribution and kinetics of ketone bodies during both Western diets and ADF. The subjects must go through two study periods of each 3 weeks in which the intervention is western diet (no restrictions) and intermittent fasting (fasting every other day), respectively. After both study periods, there will be an examination day with PET scans and various laboratory examinations.
Background: Morbid obesity is associated with decreased brain µ-opioid receptor availability, possibly resulting in higher food intake needed to gain pleasure from eating. This decrease seems to normalize already 6 months after bariatric surgery, but the longer-term effects have not been studied. Obesity and insulin resistance result in significantly increased brain insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, whereas in every other tissue glucose uptake is lower. One possible explanation to this could be central inflammation and activation of brain glial cells, which has been shown to occur in animal models of obesity. Obesity has also been shown to associate with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in several studies. Aims: The first objective of this study is to both study the effects of bariatric surgery as well as compare the effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on food-associated pleasure, extending the follow-up period to 2 years postoperatively. The second aim is to investigate the effect of morbid obesity and weight loss on brain inflammation and gliosis and its association with increased brain insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Furthermore, association of obesity, insulin resistance, central inflammation and neurocognitive dysfunction are evaluated.
This trial studies the effect of exercise and nicotinamide riboside on muscle health and insulin resistance in adult survivors of childhood cancer with prediabetes (elevated blood sugar level that is not high enough to be considered diabetes). Nicotinamide riboside is a dietary supplement which is similar to vitamin B3. Information collected in this study may help the future development of regimens to improve metabolic outcomes such as muscle health and insulin resistance (when the body is not normally responding to insulin) in childhood cancer survivors.
Rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adolescents have escalated. Adolescent-onset is associated with greater health comorbidities and shorter life expectancy than adult-onset T2D. T2D is preventable by decreasing insulin resistance, a physiological precursor to T2D. T2D prevention standard-of-care is lifestyle intervention to decrease insulin resistance through weight loss; yet, this approach is insufficiently effective in adolescents. Adolescents at risk for T2D frequently experience depression, which predicts worsening insulin resistance and T2D onset, even after accounting for obesity. Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may offer a targeted, integrative health approach to decrease depression, and thereby, ameliorate insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for T2D. In a single-site, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), we established initial feasibility/acceptability of a 6-week group MBI program, Learning to BREATHE, in adolescents at risk for T2D. We demonstrated feasible single-site recruitment, randomization, retention, protocol adherence, and MBI acceptability/credibility in the target population. Our preliminary data also suggest MBI may lead to greater reductions in stress-related behavior, vs. CBT and a didactic/health education (HealthEd) control group. The current study is multisite, pilot RCT to test multisite fidelity, feasibility, and acceptability in preparation for a future multisite efficacy trial that will have strong external validity, timely recruitment, and long-term follow-up. Adolescents (N=120) at risk for T2D will be randomized to MBI vs. CBT vs. HealthEd and followed for 1-year. Specific aims are to: (1) test multisite fidelity of training and implementation of 6-week group MBI, CBT, and HealthEd, to teens at risk for T2D; (2) evaluate multisite feasibility/acceptability of recruitment, retention, and adherence for an RCT of 6-week group MBI, CBT, HealthEd with 6-week and 1-year follow-up; and (3) modify intervention training/implementation and protocol procedures in preparation for a future, fully-powered multisite efficacy RCT.