View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Numerous studies have provided evidence of a correlation between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive dysfunction, specifically in the realms of complex attention, information processing, and executive function. These impairments have been observed in middle-aged and elderly individuals with T2DM, with longer diabetes duration, suboptimal glycemic control, and the presence of diabetic complications being contributing factors. Recent research in young adults and adolescents diagnosed with T2DM has revealed cognitive and brain structural alterations in this growing demographic, suggesting that early disease mechanisms, rather than solely vascular and age-related neurodegeneration, contribute to pathogenesis. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the interplay between central and peripheral insulin resistance and its impact on cognitive dysfunction in individuals with T2DM. This study aims to investigate central insulin resistance in T2DM, elucidating its association with peripheral insulin resistance and the effects on cognitive impairments.
Obesity is a widespread disease that basically develops from unhealthy lifestyle and genetics. The Fat-mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene affects appetite and energy intake of the body, thus elevating fat mass and body weight. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 of the FTO gene is a common variant in different ethnic groups, and its A allele is associated with increased body mass and waist circumference. Hence, the carriers of rs9939609 SNP are prone to weight gain if a healthy diet and lifestyle are not maintained. Similarly, high levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides, while low levels of high-density lipoproteins are observed in carriers of rs9939609 AA genotype. For individuals having FTO rs9939609 A allele, consumption of hypocaloric diets (1500 kcal/day) consisting of high protein foods up to 25-30% of total daily energy intake might help reduce body weight. However, weight loss tends to vary in individuals after consuming the same diet under similar environmental conditions, so it is important to know the effect of different genotypes that might cause this variation. The study aimed to genotype overweight and obese adults for FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and to determine the effect of this polymorphism on body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, ghrelin levels, inflammatory markers and advanced glycation end-products in these individuals after consumption of a hypocaloric, high-protein diet for 4 weeks.
The purpose of this research is to obtain blood samples before and after a bariatric procedure to better understand the reasons for glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (diabetes) in the obesity, and the reasons for improvement of diabetes after bariatric surgery
This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of applying topical insulin therapy on the management and healing of postoperative wounds in patients known with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in a parallel group without diabetes. Investigators also studied the effect of topical insulin therapy on the expression of e-cadherin and Ki67, as markers for cellular proliferation and wound repair. The levels of IL-6 and the H2O2-induced DNA damage product, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were assessed as markers for inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, histomorphological assessment of skin biopsies was also carried out.
Insulin resistance and its relation to hyperthyrodism and Hypothyroidism
Disturbances in brain insulin-sensitivity are not only observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also during brain aging and in dementia. Ketone monoester supplements may improve brain insulin-sensitivity, which can be quantified by measuring the gray-matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to intranasally administered insulin. We hypothesize that acute ketone monoester supplementation increases (regional) brain vascular function and insulin-sensitivity thereby improving cognitive performance and appetite control. The primary objective is to evaluate in older men the acute effect of ketone monoester supplementation on (regional) brain vascular function and insulin-sensitivity, as quantified by the non-invasive gold standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-perfusion method Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL). The CBF response to intranasal insulin is a robust and sensitive physiological marker of brain insulin-sensitivity. Secondary objectives are to investigate effects on cognitive performance as assessed with a neuropsychological test battery, and appetite control as quantified by functional MRI (fMRI) with visual food cues.
Using simultaneous multimodal neuroimaging (FDG-PET, fMRI, EEG), this research project will aim to further investigate in vivo brain insulin signalling by exploring the effects of acute INI administration on neurometabolic and neurovascular coupling, and on cortical electrical activity, both in individuals with normal cognitive function and those affected by Mild cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease .
Obesity and diabetes share a common insulin resistance pathway and contribute to chronic hyperglycemia. Both high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and focused ultrasound (FUS) have been explored in the context of managing insulin resistance in diabetic individuals with abdominal obesity, though they operate through different mechanisms and have different implications.
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate if a single bout of AM vs PM resistance exercise has different effects on insulin sensitivity and sleep. A randomized cross-over trial be used to compare resistance exercise at two different times of the day. Each condition will take place in a laboratory setting. Each condition will consist of exercise, overnight sleep, and oral glucose tolerance tests the following day. The AM exercise will occur ~1.5 hours after habitual wake, and PM exercise will occur ~11 hours after habitual wake. After a 2-6 week washout, participants will complete the other condition. The hypothesis is that PM exercise will be more beneficial than AM exercise in improving insulin sensitivity. This study could identify if there is a better time of day to perform resistance exercise to decrease risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional, repeated-measures comparative study compared functional and biochemical response profiles to exercise between 2 groups of chronically ill patients (chronic renal failure dialysis patients and patients with metabolic syndrome) and a group of healthy subjects. The hypothesis is that the addition of plasma metabolic intermediates associated with energy disorders linked to insulin resistance, will improve the sensitivity of the assessment of muscle oxidative metabolism abnormalities, as reported in exercise intolerant subjects. In this way, the metabolomics approach during exercise would provide a biological and functional "signature" of insulin resistance of muscular origin, discriminating between insulin-resistant patients, healthy control subjects and dialysis patients, with an exercise metabolic profile approaching that observed in insulin-resistant patients. A better understanding of metabolic abnormalities could guide muscle rehabilitation. Participants will be asked to perform an exercise test, with several blood samples taken at different exercise intensities. Researchers will compare the metabolic profile of three groups: patients with chronic kidney disease, patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects: - V'O2-adjusted lactate at rest and during exercise - The combination of exercise energy metabolism intermediates reflecting insulin resistance among Krebs cycle cofactors/substrates, ß-oxidation cofactors/substrates, amino acids