View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Disease.
Filter by:The purpose of the study is to test an intervention that uses a mobile game to encourage increased physical activity among adults.
The goal of this study is to examine whether sitagliptin, an agent which enhances the action of hormones that control the release of insulin and is already in clinical use for type 2 diabetes, might also improve functional exercise capacity. Specific aims: 1. To test whether sitagliptin will improve functional exercise capacity in persons with type 2 diabetes compared to glimepiride. 1a. The primary outcome will be peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and oxygen uptake kinetics (VO2 kinetics). 1b. Secondary outcomes include cardiac function, endothelial function and tissue oxygen saturation (STO2) as well as health-related quality of life. 2. To evaluate the impact of sitagliptin on muscle mitochondrial function 2a. The primary outcome to address this aim will be 31P measurements (phosphocreatine, free inorganic phosphate, adenosine triphosphate peaks, adenosine diphosphate and pH) Impact: Novel approaches are needed to decrease excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Diabetes impairs cardiovascular fitness and thereby mortality. A demonstration that sitagliptin improves cardiovascular fitness, (and possibly mitochondrial function) will provide important new data pertinent to the management of diabetes and pre-diabetes.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which means that it is important to find out risk factors of CVD in order to prevent or treat it. In recent years, there has been more and more recognition of a very high prevalence of CV calcification in the ESRD population. Many observational cohort studies have shown that CV calcification in these patients can predict mortality, CV mortality and morbidity. Electrolyte imbalance is easily found in the ESRD patients which may result in vessel calcification. Calcification leads to arterial stenosis and increasing arterial stiffness and then heart afterload, both contribute to the development of CVD. Besides, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia pave the way for a chronic, immune-mediated vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease. These factors are prevalent in ESRD patients, which would also cause arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness and stenosis would increase the risk of CV events and mortality. Aortic pulse wave velocity is strongly associated with the presence and extent of atherosclerosis and constitutes a forceful marker and predictor of cardiovascular risk. At the same time, high prevalence of peripheral artery occlusion disease (PAOD) should also be found while arterial stiffness and stenosis, which would increase the condition of infection and gangrene. Thus, life safety and quality would be influenced severely and early detection might prevent future amputation. As compared with HD or pre-dialysis patients, uremic patients treated with PD have a higher risk for metabolic syndrome. Therefore, more studies to evaluate the condition of arterial stiffness and PAOD, especially in PD patients, are needed for future management and preventions of CV related morbidity and mortality.
STUDY QUESTION: Which of the four abnormally elevated androgen groups (total testosterone [TT], androstenedione [A4], free androgen index [FAI], or dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S]) present with an unfavorable metabolic and hormonal profile, appear to be more insulin-resistant and pose additional cardiovascular risk? SUMMARY ANSWER: Subjects with excess free androgen index tend to be obese and face the highest metabolic syndrome risk, adipocytokine alterations, insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular risk. The excess TT group presents with a marginal IR risk, while the excess A4 group has the highest antimüllerian hormone (AMH), and may counterbalance obesity; this group and the excess DHEA-S group have a favorable association with IR.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of deaths in the Western world. Established risk factors include high LDL cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. Poor blood vessel health is considered a predictor of future CVD risk, but can be reversed. Several different measurements can be used to determine blood vessel health; such as blood pressure (BP), and newer techniques which measure blood flow through the arteries after a blood pressure cuff restricts blood flow for a few minutes in one arm. Flavonoids are compounds found in plant-based foods, and are associated with a reduced risk of CVD. From the previous studies, there is strong evidence that orange juice and citrus foods which have higher amount of specific citrus flavonoids improved cardiovascular risk factors such as BP and blood vessel health. Absorption of citrus flavonoids occurs in the colon after bacteria breakdown the forms found in food. After the flavonoids are absorbed into the blood they are modification by liver enzymes before they are excreted in the urine. A large range of citrus flavonoid have been found excreted in the urinary, ranging anywhere from 0-57% of the dose. Variation in the potential health effect may reflect the level of the citrus flavonoid absorbed, and this is not often considered in human studies. This study is a 4-week double-blinded, randomized, cross-over intervention trial using a commercially-available orange juice supplement and a placebo control. The aims of the study are to determine whether orange juice supplements reduce blood pressure and improve blood vessel health after 4 weeks. Furthermore, to determine if there is a relationship between absorption of flavonoids (as measured by urinary excretion) and changes in blood pressure or blood vessel health. The participants will need to attend 4 sessions on 4 separate study days, every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. On each study day they will have their weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure measured. A finger-prick blood sample, using a single-use lancet (Accu-Chek Safe T Pro Plus), will be taken to check the fasting blood glucose level. Blood flow in fingertips will be monitored before and after reducing blood flow in your forearm using a blood pressure cuff (called an EndoPAT). Participants will be asked to collect urine for 24 hr on each of the study days, and to consume the supplements provided daily for two sets of 4 weeks (there will be 4 weeks in the middle without any supplements). An improvement in blood pressure and/or blood flow will provide evidence that blood vessel health has improved through short-term (4 week) use of a citrus flavonoid supplement
Background: - Cardiometabolic diseases are a combination of medical disorders that, when they occur together, increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Researchers want to learn if there is a relationship between these diseases and inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain). Inflammation affects the entire body. Researchers will study this relationship in people with heart disease and diabetes, and compare it to healthy people. Objectives: - To learn if there are links between inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases. Eligibility: - Adults 18 years of age or older with heart disease or diabetes. - Healthy volunteers 18 years of age or older. Design: - Participants will have up to six study visits. There will be first visit, then an optional visit 12 months after the first visit. - At the study visits they will have: - Blood taken with a needle in their arm. - An electrocardiogram. Small patches are stuck to the chest and limbs. A machine measures electrical signals of the heart. - Completed a number of questionnaires. - A body scan called an FDG PET/CT. A substance will be injected through a tube in their arm. They will lie on a special bed that will move in and out of the PET/CT scanner. The PET/CT scanner will take pictures of the body. The scan will last up to 30 minutes. - Some participants will have other body scans ( FDG PET/MRI). The procedures are similar to the FDG PET/CT scan. These other scans will last about 30 minutes total. - Some participants will also have a CT scan of their heart. A substance will be injected through a tube in their arm. They will lie on a table in a large, donut-shaped machine. An X-ray tube will move around their body, taking many pictures. This procedure can last up to 2 hours. - Some participants will have tests that measures blood pressure and how the blood moves through the body. - Some participants will have small samples of skin and fat tissue taken.
Intake of whole grain cereals has been associated with reducing the risk of hyperlipidaemia and heart disease, however the mechanisms by which oats or oat fractions exert this effect is not totally clear. Furthermore, several large epidemiological studies and a number of recent meta-analyses of nutritional interventions have reported a positive association between increased whole grain intake and reduced risk of developing a range of chronic diseases. Recognising the important role of the gut microbiota in metabolism and metabolic disease risk, we examined the impact of whole grain oats on the human gut microbiota and cardio-metabolic risk factors. The main aims of this human study is to determine the effectiveness of a low GI whole grain oats breakfast cereal compared to a high GI, refined breakfast cereal to beneficially modulate gut microbiota and its metabolic output, plasma lipids, gut satiety hormones and inflammation markers in an at risk of cardio-metabolic disease population
Consumption of fish can help to prevent cardiovascular disease. The precise way in which fish is beneficial is not fully understood. This is important to find out as fish consists of a complex mixture of fatty acids and micronutrients such as vitamin D and selenium that could individually, or collectively, be responsible for the beneficial effects. Fish farming in Scotland is playing an increasingly important role in the provision of fish for human consumption. But issues with sustainability of raw materials are requiring fish farming to reformulate fish diets, which may affect the levels of beneficial omega-3 fatty acids and other components in fish. In this study we will be comparing the long-term health effects of eating two portions a week of Scottish salmon raised on a traditional fish diet versus eating two portions a week of Scottish salmon raised on a more sustainable fish diet. In addition, we will be looking at differences in health outcomes when eating two portions a week of either Scottish salmon, compared with eating no fish at all.
The purpose of BEHHS is first to assess the baseline sub-clinical disease in a population of Baptist Health Employees who have Metabolic Syndrome, a known contributor to cardiovascular disease. Second, the investigators wish to encourage a healthy lifestyle through personalized nutrition and fitness advice, delivered as part of a web based program, which will in turn lead to increases in heart healthy behaviors such as increased consumption of heart healthy foods, increased exercise initiation, and more positive attitudes about health. To assess this, the investigators plan to randomize 200 employees with Metabolic Syndrome to either the new web-based diet and lifestyle program, or to care-as-usual, which is the currently offered MyWellnessAdvantage and WebMD websites. The investigators hypothesize that the web-based group will show greater improvements in physical health (such as weight loss, cholesterol reduction, etc.) as well as increased consumption of heart healthy foods, exercise initiation, and quality of sleep as measured by surveys administered at the 4,8, and 12 month follow-up appointments.
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels, such as heart attacks and strokes, are very common and can lead to severe disability or death. Changes in the body leading to heart attacks and strokes usually develop over decades as a result of smoking, diet, and lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure. Changes in lifestyle and diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart diseases. General Practitioners invite 40 to 74 year-olds who have no known heart disease to take part in the NHS Health Check, which measures each person's individual risk of developing a heart attack or stroke and encourages them in a face-to-face meeting to take part in programmes to help them to give up smoking, lose weight etc. where necessary. In this new clinical trial the investigators will test whether computer-tailored electronic (e)-coaching via email and the internet can help people make the necessary changes in their lifestyle to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.