View clinical trials related to Prostate Cancer.
Filter by:Obesity could increase the risk of many chronic diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, high lipid level, diabetes, stroke, endometrial cancer and certain types of cancer which could benefit by secondary prevention through screening programs. The World Cancer Research Fund of the American Institute for Cancer Research has reviewed all the studies about the link between obesity and cancer. Studies shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for colorectal, breast and prostate cancer. These three cancers (will be named as "obesity-related cancers" thereafter) demonstrate a rapidly increasing trend of incidence in Asia in the past decade. Among Chinese adults of Hong Kong in 2014, 39% were overweight or obese (compared with 20.9% reported in European adults in the same year) and up to 69.7% reported that they did not perform any measures to achieve optimal weight control. Men (49.6%) had a higher proportion of overweight or obesity than females (29.5%). Adults who are aged 45-54 had the highest rate (50.5%) of overweight or obesity than other age groups. In addition, there were 62.5% whose physical activity level did not meet the recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO). Only 18.7% consumed at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day; yet about 30% were alcoholic drinkers; and more than 10% were daily or occasional smoker. These figures imply that the incidence of obesity and obesity-related cancers will further escalate - and urgent actions at the community level are needed to combat the rising incidence and mortality of these conditions. According to Hong Kong Cancer Registry, the discrepancy between the number of new cases (incidence) and number of deaths (mortality) is much higher for colorectal, breast and prostate cancer as compared to other cancers. It is well recognized that screening could effectively reduce mortality for these three obesity-related cancers when they are detected at an earlier stage. The concept of a one-stop approach to screen for multiple cancers was found to be feasible, with an ability to detect a wide range of neoplastic lesions at an early stage. In the recent decade, there are also emerging centres that have been established as multi-cancer screening clinics worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies that have highlighted the outcomes of these multi-cancer screening programs.
This trial will study ladiratuzumab vedotin (LV) alone and with pembrolizumab to find out if it works to treat different types of solid tumors. It will also find out what side effects may occur. A side effect is anything the drug does besides treating cancer.
The purpose of this study is to determine if Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) scans used in this study accurate and better at imaging participants' prostate cancer than the usual methods.
A large proportion of men with prostate cancer are overdiagnosed and overtreated mainly due to PSA testing. Active surveillance (AS) aims to reduce these harms by recommending curative treatment only when and if signs of tumour progression occur. There are however a number of uncertainties in AS, the most important being when to initiate treatment. Therefore, the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) are running a large multi-centre randomised control trial (RCT) to test the safety of a standardized active surveillance protocol with specific triggers for repeat biopsies and initiation of curative treatment, compared to the current practice for active surveillance. They are recruiting in multiple sites in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. The primary aim is to reduce overtreatment and subsequent side effects, without increasing the risk of disease progression or prostate cancer mortality. In the UK, there is also no set criteria for when to re-biopsy and/or initiate curative treatment for patients on AS and tends to be at the clinician's discretion. Thus, PCASTT-UK has been established to run as a parallel RCT and add to the findings from SPCG-17.
This study is to collect and validate regulatory-grade real-world data (RWD) in oncology using the novel, Master Observational Trial construct. This data can be then used in real-world evidence (RWE) generation. It will also create reusable infrastructure to allow creation or affiliation with many additional RWD/RWE efforts both prospective and retrospective in nature.
Patients will be randomized into standard of care or receiving pre and post operative physical therapy intervention following prostatectomy. Outcome measures will be gathered to assess impact of physical therapy on function and quality of life.
This research study is comparing the use of a new form of hormonal therapy used with radiation as a possible treatment for intermediate risk prostate cancer. More specifically, this research would help determine whether this new form of hormonal therapy is as effective as the standard hormone therapy while also preserving erectile function.
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of prostate cancer patients has been shown to be an important indicator of metastatic disease and poor prognosis. Additionally, changes in CTC number throughout treatment have been demonstrated to reflect therapy response. However, the CellSearch® (Menarini-Silicon Biosystems) is the only FDA- and Health Canada-cleared CTC platform available at the present time, and is thus considered the current "gold standard" for clinical CTC analysis. Notably, CTCs are undetectable in ~35% of metastatic CRPC patients. This suggests that either CTCs are truly not present in >1/3 of patients with advanced metastatic disease; and/or that CTCs are present but not detectable as they do not meet the standard CellSearch® definition of CTCs. Given the accumulating evidence that prostate cancer cells can lose epithelial characteristics as they evolve towards a more metastatic phenotype, the investigators believe the latter scenario is most likely. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process during embryonic development and cancer metastasis. Although the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in EMT is poorly understood, studies have also demonstrated that EMT may be facilitated by androgen deprivation, castration-resistance, and/or disruption of androgen signaling. Importantly, several clinical studies have demonstrated that CTCs with a purely mesenchymal phenotype are undetectable by CellSearch®, but that the presence of mesenchymal marker expression on CTCs with a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype is indicative of poor prognosis. In addition, previous pre-clinical data from the Allan laboratory has demonstrated that in animal models, prostate cancers with a mesenchymal phenotype shed greater numbers of CTCs more quickly and with greater metastatic capacity than those with an epithelial phenotype. Notably, the clinically-used CellSearch®-based assay captured the majority of CTCs shed during early-stage disease in vivo, and only after the establishment of metastases were a significant number of undetectable CTCs present. This suggests that current clinical assays may be limiting ability to capitalize on the full potential of CTCs, and that a greater understanding of CTC biology is necessary in order to guide future technology development and translation to the clinic.
MMR-deficient cancers of any histologic type appear to be very sensitive to PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab, and similar data are also beginning to emerge for nivolumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Among the MMR-deficient cancers, the best antitumor responses are often associated with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H status), higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), and higher predicted neoantigen load. Prevalence estimates of MMR deficiency across solid tumor types range from 1% to 20% depending on the type of malignancy. In prostate cancer, 1-3% of unselected cases harbor MMR deficiency and/or microsatellite instability. For men who previously received definitive treatment for prostate cancer and subsequently develop detectable prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, the clinical state is known as biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. The current standard of care treatment for patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer is either surveillance or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT has not been shown to provide a survival benefit in this setting, and the decision to initiate ADT will depend on patient preference and perceived risks of the disease. A non-hormonal therapy such as nivolumab would provide an alternative to ADT in patients with biomarker selected (i.e. dMMR, MSI-H, high TMB, or CDK12-altered) biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.
The purpose of this study is to determine what the safest dose of talazoparib plus temozolomide for participants with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. The purpose of Phase II is to test the efficacy (effectiveness) of talazoparib and temozolomide at the maximum tolerated dose, which was determined to be 1mg talazoparib and 75mg/m² temozolomide in the Phase Ib portion of this study.