View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The overall goal of this study is to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of action of a fish peptide and vitamin D on glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight men. Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches will be used to study the acute physiological effects of fish nutrients and to discover gene/metabolite networks that underlie these effects.
This randomized controlled feeding trial aims to determine whether the consumption of different amounts and types of dairy products affects blood sugar regulation and cardiometabolic health in men and women with the metabolic syndrome.
India is the "Diabetes Capital of the World" with 41 million Indians having diabetes i.e. every fifth diabetic in the world is an Indian. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constitutes the major chunk of diabetes and has insulin resistance as the hallmark feature in the pathogenesis. However, with the progression of the disease the insulin resistance becomes stable whereas β - cell function shows a gradual decline due to its ongoing apoptosis. This ultimately leads to inability of the β - cells to cope up with the increased demand of insulin caused due to insulin resistance and manifests as hyperglycemia. As β - cell failure is progressive and inexorable, as demonstrated in United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, most of the patients with T2DM would eventually require insulin and it would be difficult to achieve to attain a strict glycemic control . It is well known that diabetes related complications which account for morbidity and mortality in this disease can be prevented or delayed by strict glycemic control. However, even with intensive insulin therapy it has been shown that glycemic control can never be perfect with patients exhibiting hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia during 24 hour glucose profile. Also insulin therapy is not physiological as there is no hepatic "first - pass" metabolism of insulin which is required for halting the hepatic glucose output, which is responsible for fasting hyperglycemia. This led the researchers to evolve various strategies of β - cell replacement therapy e.g. pancreatic transplantation and islet cell transplantation. Initially the results of islet cell transplantation were dismal but after the induction of glucocorticoid free immunosuppressive therapy and the use of adequate number of islet cells from multiple donors, the results of islet cell transplantation have been better. However, islet cell transplantation has its own limitations viz insufficient supply, being technically demanding and requirement of lifelong immunosuppressive therapy in the recipient.
This study investigates the effects of bioactive fatty acids in full fat dairy (whole yogurt), on insulin action, calorie needs, blood lipids, immune function, and body composition in normal and overweight male and female volunteers.
Background: Humans naturally produce ketone bodies under daily living conditions. The main ketone bodies are two functioning acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (3-OHB) and acetoacetate, and the pH-neutral, but odorous, acetone. In the fed state, level of 3-OHB is suppressed to an almost unmeasurable level while, in the fasted state, it rises to 0.1-0.5 millimoles (mM). Main regulation of ketone synthesis is the abundance of sugars and resulting adaptations in insulin secretion. Thus, ketone bodies are formed when sugar is not readily available and insulin is suppressed. This picture is, to a certain degree, seen in acute inflammatory states and, indeed, during starvation, where level of 3-OHB increases to 5-8 mM. Hypothesis: 1. Ketone bodies changes the insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism in human subjects 2. Ketone bodies changes the GH signaling in muscle and adipose tissue Aim: The investigators wish to provide knowledge on changes in metabolites and shift in signaling pathways and insulin sensitivity during GH infusion and concomitant ketone bodies infusion among healthy subjects.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by presence of hepatic steatosis (fat accumulation in liver cells), either by imaging or by biopsy and absence of causes for secondary hepatic fat accumulation such as significant alcohol consumption, medications, or hereditary disorders. In the majority of patients, NAFLD is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and high cholesterol, and may lead to irreversible liver damage. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more severe form of NAFLD and is present in up to 30% of obese adults. NASH is defined by hepatic steatosis and inflammation with hepatocyte injury with or without fibrosis (hardening of the liver). The prevalence, morbidity and mortality of NAFLD is increasing, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region where there will be an estimated 300 million obese people by 2030. Weight loss is the first-line treatment for NAFLD in obese individuals, but the utility of lifestyle modification with diet and exercise is limited by difficulties in sustaining compliance and by eventual weight regain. Bariatric (weight loss) surgery produces the greatest amount of weight loss but is limited by cost, patient acceptance, and complications. The efficacy of drugs for NASH, such as vitamin E and medication to lower cholesterol and glucose, remains unclear. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analogue, is an injectable medication which has been shown to induce weight loss and lower glucose in obese adults. There is little information on the effects of GLP-1 analogues on NASH, particularly in comparison to other modalities of weight loss such as surgery. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of lifestyle modification, liraglutide and surgery, for weight loss in conjunction with reducing severity of NASH, and for insulin resistance, high cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors.
The hypothesis is that acupuncture is equally effective as metformin (both treatments combined with lifestyle management) in improving whole body glucose homeostasis in insulin resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and that both are superior to lifestyle management alone. The investigators hypothesize that acupuncture and metformin induce ovulation and improve hyperandrogenism, as well as health related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Although equally effective (acupuncture and metformin), the investigators hypothesize that acupuncture is associated with less negative side-effects. The investigators also hypothesize that these treatments have the potential to restore epigenetic and molecular alterations in target tissues (endometrial-, adipose-, and skeletal muscle tissue) and thus have the potential to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
The overall purpose of this study is to learn more about the metabolic effects of angiotensin-(1-7) in the insulin resistant state associated with obesity. Pharmacologic approaches to increase angiotensin-(1-7) levels or its actions are currently in development for treatment of metabolic-related diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes, based on findings from animal studies. It is unclear if this peptide contributes to the regulation of metabolism in humans. The investigators will test if angiotensin-(1-7) infusion can improve insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp methods in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. The investigators will also examine for changes in blood pressure and related hemodynamic and hormonal changes following angiotensin-(1-7) infusion.
Obesity is a serious medical condition, the adverse consequences of which include increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, reduced fertility and cancer. The economic cost of obesity was placed at $58 billion dollars in Australia in 2008. Studies in mice and non-human primates have shown that moderate caloric restriction (CR) increases lifespan and reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Reduced risk of chronic diseases is also observed in humans following CR. However, daily CR is difficult to maintain long term, since the body defends against weight loss by inducing "metabolic adaptation" and altering the hormonal appetite response. An emerging number of studies are examining the effects of limiting food intake to prescribed time periods per day, or every other day. Intermittent, or time restricted feeding describes a dieting approach where food is available ad libitum, however only for a limited period of time (i.e. 3-12 hours). This study will examine the effects of fasting for 15h/day and eating for 9-h per day on glycemic control and metabolic health. This study will build on the existing knowledge base in humans as to whether meal timing, rather than caloric restriction per se, is important to provide the stimulus required to improve metabolic health and reduce risk of chronic disease. Moreover, it will examine whether restricting feeding to later in the day is of lesser benefit to health.
The purpose of this study is to look at how insulin (a hormone that helps the cells get energy from sugar) in our body affects blood vessels (elasticity in the bigger blood vessels and blood flow in the smaller blood vessels in the arm) and how Metformin (a drug that makes you more sensitive to insulin) affects insulin's action on the blood vessels.