View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Current efforts to arrest the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have had limited success. Thus there is an urgent need for effective approaches to prevent the development of T2DM. It is widely accepted that the current epidemic is driven by an increase in global food abundance and reduced food quality, making changes in diet a key determinant of the T2DM epidemic. Dietary factors can affect cardio-metabolic health; among these factors, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in food are potential risk factors for insulin resistance and T2DM. AGEs are a heterogeneous group of unavoidable stable bioactive compounds. Endogenous formation of AGEs is a continuous naturally occurring process, and is the result of normal metabolism. However, increased formation of AGEs occurs during ageing and under hyperglycaemic conditions. AGEs are implicated in the development of diabetes and vascular complications. Over the past several decades, methods of food processing have changed and meals now contain excess fat and sugar and are most susceptible for the formation of AGEs. In addition, AGEs in food are highly desirable due to their profound effect on shelf life, sterility, flavour, colour, and thus food consumption. Hence, a substantial portion of AGEs are derived from exogenous sources, particularly food. These exogenous AGEs are potential risk factors for insulin resistance and the development of T2DM. The investigators recently found that dietary AGEs represent a significant source of circulating AGEs, and have similar pathogenic properties compared to their endogenous counterparts including the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Taken together, dietary AGEs are proposed to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of T2DM and its complications. Reduction of dietary intake of AGEs may therefore be an alternative strategy to reduce the risk of vascular disease and insulin resistance. The investigators therefore hypothesize that dietary restriction of AGEs in overweight individuals improves insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and vascular function.
The majority of obese have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD). Currently, no pharmacological agents are licenced for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD, and weight loss, notoriously difficult to obtain (and specially to maintain), remains the only treatment option. Interestingly, curcumin, a phenolic compound extracted from the turmeric root, has from in vitro and animal studies shown promising effects in preventing and treating NAFLD, and the sparse available human data point in the same direction; but solid human data are missing. This study will delineate the effects of curcumin when treating NAFLD in humans. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of curcumin on liver fat content (assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)) in obese subject with NAFLD. Additionally, a range of secondary endpoints have been chosen in order to delineate the role of NAFLD in the newly discovered liver-alpha cell axis governing circulating levels of the glucose-mobilising pancreatic alpha cell hormone glucagon and, thus, to elucidate the link between liver fat content and the risk of developing reduced glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Also, the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin will be elucidated, as inflammatory markers will be measured before and after intervention. Furthermore, the effect of curcumin will be measured by measuring the following parameters before and after intervention: Transient elastography, anthropometric measurements, body weight, appetite, food-consumption, calory balance, resting energy expenditure, gut microbiota, bioimpedance measures, visceral- and subcutaneous fat, glucose tolerance, lipids, blood pressure, pulse, liver parameters (blood-tests) and adipokines. During the oral glucose tolerance test before and after intervention, incretin hormones, glucagon, amino acids, insulin, c-peptide and urea will be measured.
In the UK, 25% of the adults are affected by metabolic syndrome (NHS, 2016). Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of different conditions including: hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Such individuals also have increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The factors contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome are potentially numerous and understudied in humans, with much of what we think we know coming from animal research. Recent animal studies have pointed towards gut health playing a role in metabolic health. More specifically it has been suggested that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota may drive insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through a mechanism that is linked to increased gut permeability and the development of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. Yet, this link has not been confirmed in humans. This research will look at the relationship between diet, physical activity, sleeping patterns, obesity status and age etc. and measures of gut bacterial composition, gut barrier function and metabolic health. Findings will provide us with new insights on the effect of different physiological and behavioural/ lifestyle variables on gut health and metabolic function.
To determine if Inositol, a dietary supplement, will improve ovarian and adrenal androgen excess in women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOS).
This study will investigate the effect of high-carbohydrate vs. high-fat overfeeding (130% of energy requirements) on whole body insulin sensitivity. Following habitual diet, participants will be randomly allocated to either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet intervention for 14-days. On days 0, 7 and 14 participants will undergo anthropometric and metabolic testing (primarily an oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]).
Modern living is associated with an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sleep disturbances such as insomnia or frequent awakenings are strong risk factors for T2DM with several studies indicating a central role of melatonin. Additionally, a certain single nucleotide polymorphism in the melatonin receptor gene, MTNR1B rs10830963, with an allele frequency of 30 %, is associated with increased fasting plasma glucose and T2DM. Due to treatment of, among other things, insomnia, the use of melatonin is increasing rapidly in Denmark with a 100-fold increase from 2007-2012 in children and adolescents. No previous studies have thoroughly assessed changes in glucose and fatty acid metabolism after 3 months of melatonin treatment in patients with T2DM.
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of capsaicin rich foods on resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. We plan to recruit 30 healthy lean and overweight individuals age 18-45 (women) and age 18-50 (men) who will undergo two test days in random order. During one day they will receive a breakfast of toast, orange juice and an omelette with 4tsp of cayenne pepper while on the other day they will receive the same breakfast without the cayenne pepper. Metabolic rate and Respiratory quotients is measured for 30 minutes before the meal and for 2 hours after the meal. Capillary glucose levels and heart rate and blood pressure are measured before the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter for 2 hours.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of interrupting prolong sedentary behavior with interval exercise on postprandial metabolism following a high fat glucose tolerance test.
Obesity is a major health concern that has been associated with an estimated 2.8 million deaths worldwide each year. The number of individuals considered obese with a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2 has grown to more than 500 million. The increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity stems from a long list of comorbidities, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, cancer, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Bariatric surgery is an emerging intervention that has been used frequently to induce weight loss for obese individuals and it has been shown to improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in people at risk for type 2 diabetes. Surgery may also lead to healthy improvements in inflammation, immune cells and vascular health. It is already known that exercise and weight loss from lifestyle modification can improve glycemic control, insulin resistance, inflammation, and arterial stiffness. However, no work has been done to examine a combination of bariatric surgery and pre-surgery exercise. Recent work by the team has evidence demonstrating that health status pre-surgery has an impact on post-surgery outcomes. Such findings suggest that improvements in health status from exercise before surgery may improve surgery outcomes as well as surgery-induced health outcomes. To date, no study has systematically examined the role of exercise on the prevalence of surgery complications or on post-surgery weight loss, glycemic control, and insulin resistance. Moreover, no work currently exists on exercise, with or without bariatric surgery on adipose tissue derived inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pre-surgery lifestyle intervention with exercise on bariatric surgery outcomes. To test this objective, subjects will participate in a match paired study, based on BMI. Subjects will undergo testing of blood chemistry and related measures of health before (pre-test) and after (post) intervention. Then all subjects will receive bariatric surgery. Post surgery outcomes will be assessed by examining surgery operating time, changes in blood chemistry, adipose tissue biopsies and other measures indicative of glucose and vascular health. After this surgery, subjects will return for testing about 30d later.
Non-randomized open label study to investigate factors mediating changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and other metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery.