View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:This study will evaluate the effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea on insulin sensitivity in pregnant women. Women in their third trimester of pregnancy will be randomized to receive treatment or no treatment for one month.
The impact of two days bed rest versus two days of habitual activity on insulin sensitivity and cumulative muscle protein synthesis will be investigated in healthy young males
Overnutrition and physical inactivity promote the accumulation of sphingolipids such as ceramides which block insulin signaling and anabolic metabolism. Implementation of pharmacological or genetic interventions to reduce sphingolipid levels in rodents prevents or reverses an impressive array of metabolic pathologies (e.g. insulin resistance, diabetes, steatohepatitis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis). To elucidate the tissue-specific mechanisms through which ceramides contribute to these diseases, mice have been produced to allow for the conditional, cell-type restricted ablation of enzymes required for ceramide biosynthesis or degradation (i.e. serine palmitoyltransferase and dihydroceramide desaturases-1) or degradation (i.e. acid ceramidase). Aims of the project include the following: To use these novel mouse models to evaluate the effect of muscle-specific ceramide depletion or induction on insulin sensitivity, muscle growth, and genomic/proteomic signatures under conditions of overnutrition and inactivity. To apply a ceramide flux assay in isolated human myotubes to identify the regulatory mechanisms that influence rates of ceramide biosynthesis; and, To determine the efficacy of a new class of inhibitors of dihydroceramide desaturases-1, our preferred target in the ceramide synthesis pathway, as therapeutics that improve muscle insulin sensitivity and prevent muscle loss in rodents. Findings obtained from these studies could uncover new nutrient-sensing machinery that modulates insulin sensitivity and muscle growth. Moreover, the translational component could lead to new pharmacological approaches for improving muscle health.
The insulin sensitizing effects of metformin and pioglitazone in the skeletal muscle remain unknown. Our group aims to analyze molecular changes within the skeletal muscle of pre-diabetic patients through the use of a clinical trial in humans.
We aim to test the efficacy of a new method for determining individual insulin sensitivity (IS) based on sensor-augmented-insulin pump (SAP) data in order to customize the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (CR) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, the individual insulin sensitivity (IS) could only be investigated by intensive and invasive research techniques that are not feasible to perform in an outpatient setting for pediatric patients with diabetes. Recently published studies have demonstrated the efficacy of an algorithm to calculate the patient specific insulin sensitivity to customize the CR for adult patients with T1D. The algorithm has been validated in adult patients, however not yet investigated in the pediatric population with T1D. The aims of our study are: 1. to customize the CR of pediatric subjects with T1D using the individualized insulin sensitivity index (ISind) to improve post-prandial blood glucose control after a standard meal. 2. to test, under free living condition (at home), the efficacy of the customized CR in improving post-prandial glycemic control for pediatric subjects with T1D. This approach would have at least two potential benefits for pediatric patients with T1D: 1. To provide a non-invasive tool for individualizing their home insulin therapy; 2. To offer a reliable instrument for adjusting the meal bolus of the current hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems to account for the inter-subject variability in insulin action.
The investigators will test the null hypothesis that there will be no changes in the insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) in response to autonomic blockade. To test this hypothesis, the investigators propose to determine the role of the autonomic nervous system in hepatic insulin resistance.
Investigators will test the hypothesis that chronic restoration of vagal nerve activity with a central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adipose tissue oxidation in obese African American Women compared to white women.
The aims of this study is to analyse if insulin resistance in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is normalised after parathyroid adenomectomy and if glucose tolerance test may be useful as a diagnostic tool by predicting potential improvement of insulin sensitivity after biochemical cure of pHPT.
Metformin is being compared to exercise and diet modifications. The researchers are interested in learning if the addition of metformin to lifestyle modifications is more helpful in treating the condition or disorder. Although metformin is FDA approved to treat type 2 diabetes, it is not FDA approved for the treatment of Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and is considered investigational for the purpose of this study.
The primary objective of this pilot study will be to examine the effects of consuming whole grains, differing in the degree of processing, on insulin sensitivity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. The overall aim will be to assess feasibility of the test diets and to generate preliminary data.