View clinical trials related to HIV Infections.
Filter by:Background: - In some countries, such as South Africa, the pesticide DDT is an important chemical for control of malaria-carrying mosquitoes. However, there is little evidence about the effects that it might have on human health. - DDT has been associated with miscarriage and fetal loss in areas with high levels of exposure, but more research is needed to determine what levels of exposure are associated with loss of pregnancies. Objectives: - To examine the relationship between pre-pregnancy levels of DDT in the blood and the loss of clinically recognized pregnancies. - To conduct a pilot study to evaluate data collection procedures for future research. Eligibility: - Women between 20 and 30 years of age who are not currently pregnant and who reside in villages in the Vhembe District in the northeastern part of South Africa. Design: - Evaluation of eligibility: 1. Short physical examination, with questionnaire about medical history, current living conditions, and daily life. 2. Several blood samples will be taken for study and to test for anemia, elevated lead levels, malaria, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). - Half of the women will come from villages that are currently being sprayed with DDT, and half will come from villages that are not being sprayed. - Evaluation before and during pregnancy for subjects who become pregnant: 1. Blood and urine test, including urine pregnancy test. 2. Questions about recent menstrual history and sexual activity. 3. Questions about medical history, including treatment for malaria. - Pregnancy follow-up study, including blood draws, will be conducted regardless of whether the pregnancy is carried to term. - Researchers will assess and adjust study parameters as needed.
The purpose of this study is to develop and pilot test a culturally and developmentally tailored Motivational Enhancement Intervention (MEI) to reduce risky sex (unprotected anal sex and multiple partners) among young Hispanic men who have sex with men (YHMSM).
The purpose of this study is to examine the interactions of buprenorphine-naloxone, a medication used to treat opiate (heroin or prescription narcotic) dependence, and medications used in the treatment of HIV disease including atazanavir (Reyataz), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), didanosine (Videx), tenofovir (Viread), atazanavir (Reyataz)/ritonavir (Norvir), fosamprenavir (Lexiva)/ritonavir (Norvir), lamivudine (Epivir), or darunavir (please note that we have completed drug interaction studies for buprenorphine with atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, didanosine, tenofovir and lamivudine) at the PI's previous university; for this CHR application only the studies needed to be completed at UCSF/SFGH will be discussed) or tuberculosis(TB) (rifampin or rifabutin) medications (note: supplement application currently pending). Participants are those with opioid dependence who qualify for buprenorphine/naloxone treatment or they are healthy subjects without opioid dependence who participate in pharmacokinetics studies of the antiretroviral medications. A total of 160 such individuals will be enrolled in these studies (please note that the studies have been ongoing at Virginia Commonwealth University for 3 years so that the total number of participants to be recruited at UCSF/SFGH will be about 50 protocol completers). Participants take the HIV or tuberculosis medicine(s) for up to 15 days (depending on the medication(s) administered and ability to schedule blood and urine sampling sessions).
This observational study is supposed to assess (under conditions of clinical practice in daily routine) whether treatment with Viramune (nevirapine) in combination with ARV, e.g. Combivir (Zidovudine and Lamivudine), Kivexa (Abacavir and Lamivudine) or Truvada (tenofovir and emtricitabine) will durably suppress viral load below the limit of detection or will maintain suppression of viral replication (HIV-RNA below limit of detection) achieved under previous anti-retroviral combination therapy after switch to combination treatment of Viramune (nevirapine) and ARV, e.g. Combivir (Zidovudine and Lamivudine), Kivexa (Abacavir and Lamivudine) or Truvada (tenofovir and emtricitabine).
Rationale: Improving cellular immunity by means of increasing CD4 cells is one of the goals of antiretroviral therapy in HIV, which is achieved by means of virological suppression. A certain group of patients, the so called "immunologic non responders", fail to reach an acceptable CD4 cell increase despite an adequate virologic response on antiretroviral treatment. Recently a new antiretroviral agent, maraviroc (Celsentry®), is registered for the treatment of patients infected with CCR5 tropic HIV-1 virus. However, data is available suggesting that treatment with maraviroc leads to immune recovery (increase in CD4 cells) in patients who are infected with dual/mixed tropic HIV-1 virus, in the absence of a virologic response. This suggests an alternative mechanism for immune recovery, which could be especially beneficial for this group of patients. Hypothesis: Maraviroc, by a yet unknown mechanism, stimulates immune recovery by increasing CD4+ cell count. Objective: The primary objective is to confirm the hypothesis that maraviroc stimulates immune recovery; the secondary objective is to explore, by virologic and immunologic investigations, the underlying mechanisms of this hypothesis. Study design: multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, exploratory mechanistic study. Study population: HIV-1 infected patients 18 years or older, who meet the inclusion criteria. Intervention: One group receives maraviroc (dose dependent on co-medication), the other group placebo. Main study parameters/endpoints: A 30% increase in CD4 cell rise in the treatment group (compared with placebo). Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: 1. In the treatment group subjects will start with a registered antiretroviral agent (maraviroc). 2. During the treatment year patients will perform several study visits, probably three more compared with regular visits on the outpatient clinic. 3. Each visit, blood will be drawn by venepuncture for immunologic and virologic investigations (see flow chart).
To compare the steady-state pharmacokinetics and short-term efficacy and safety of two dosing strategies of raltegravir and atazanavir in virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults receiving atazanavir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy.
This study will recruit 520 treatment-naive and 150 treatment-experienced patients to take the first line or second line of antiviral therapy. This study aims to set up a well-trained clinical and laboratory team in China, to explore the effects and side-effects of the first-line and the second line of ARV treatment in Chinese HIV/AIDS adult patients, to investigate the side-effects of ARV drugs, such as hepatotoxicity, lipoatrophy, cardiovascular influence, to explore the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of Chinese generic ARV regiments and effective drug concentrations and to explore primary and secondary drug resistance in China and the immune reconstitution characters of long term ARV in Chinese adult AIDS patients. This study might provide more practical and optimizing prove for the treatment guideline for resource limited areas.
This study will examine characteristics and behaviors of young women in India and Tanzania to determine which challenges and opportunities exist for conducting future trials of HIV prevention treatments.
The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effects of etravirine, an HIV antiretroviral medication, on vascular function.
The purpose of this study is to assess retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) on patients infected by HIV virus without ocular manifestations and to correlate these results with perimetric findings assessed by frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT).