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Filter by:The purpose of this study is to longitudinally characterize and evaluate changes in synaptic density in the brain using novel positron-emission tomography (PET) scans; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical laboratory markers associated with HIV-related injury in the central nervous system. This study will test hypotheses relating to the presence and mechanisms of aberrant brain structure at the synaptic level in living humans with virologically controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy. To evaluate associations between PET imaging radiotracers [11C]UCB-J, a ligand for presynaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), a vesicle membrane protein expressed in synapses, and PET [11C]PBR28 a measure of microglia function in the brain, the Yale PET center has developed an advanced approach of combining multiple distinct ligands in coordinated same-day PET imaging. Additionally, the study will evaluate the associations of this novel synaptic density marker with well-established clinical measures of neurocognitive performance and laboratory measures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
The purpose of this research is to better understand how wrist-worn study devices that measure activity/motion ('accelerometry devices') can be used to assess scratching and sleep in participants aged 12-75 years, with and without Atopic Dermatitis (AD, eczema), in both a sleep laboratory (hotel) setting and in a daily life/home setting. In this study, we will be using three different wrist devices to collect information: an Apple Watch Series 7, an Actigraph CentrePoint Insights Watch (CPIW) and a GENEActiv Original Watch. We will also compare the movement and sleep measurements recorded on the devices to thermal video and sleep assessments done in the sleep laboratory (hotel) as well as compare them to Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) assessments.
EEG neurofeedback (NFB) may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for ADHD, a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by attentional deficits and high impulsivity. Recent research of the Geneva group has demonstrated the ability of ADHD patients to control specific features of their EEG (notably alpha desynchronization) and that this control was associated with reduced impulsivity. In addition, alterations in EEG brain microstates (i.e., recurrent stable periods of short duration) have been described in adult ADHD patients, potentially representing a biomarker of the disorder. The present study aims to use neurofeedback to manipulate EEG microstates in ADHD patients and healthy controls, in order to observe the effects on neurophysiological, clinical and behavioural parameters.
Inflammation occurs in many brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid starts accumulating decades before the start of forgetfulness. Basic scientists have reported that inflammation but not amyloid is linked to forgetfulness. When people pinch a finger, it gets swollen. Similar changes occur in brain from various causes. New medications are under development to help healing and prevent permanent damages in the brain. When people pinch a finger, they can check if the injury is healing or getting worse by watching. Investigators can watch inside of the brain using a special camera called positron emission tomography (PET). It is currently possible to watch inflammation in the brain by taking pictures of a molecule called translocator protein (TSPO). But the problem is that by imaging TSPO, investigators can catch changes in more than one kind of cells. The information is not specific to each cell type. Such vague information is not useful to monitor the effect of new medications for inflammation. This proposal attempts to develop a novel method to capture changes in each of two major players in inflammation, microglia and astrocytes. To do so, investigators will take selective pictures of one cell type by using a novel imaging agent for PET. Investigators will also take PET pictures of TSPO. Investigators will process these two kinds of PET pictures using advanced mathematical methods and extract specific information on microglia and astrocytes. Our novel method will be useful to monitor new therapies to treat inflammation in brain.
This is a randomized, open, single-dose, crossover-design, phase 1, singlecenter study to evaluate bioequivalence after administration of L04RD1 or administration of L04TD2 in healthy volunteers.
The aim of the study is to investigate whether the food matrix has an influence on the prebiotic efficacy (bifidobacteria growth) of chicory-derived Orafti® inulin in healthy adult volunteers. The main question it aims to answer is: Does the food matrix influence the prebiotic effect of chicory-derived inulin in terms of stimulation of bifidobacteria in the gut microbiota Participants will receive one of three food items containing inulin or pure inulin dissolved in water daily for 10 days. The food items or pure inulin powder will deliver 10 g/d inulin split into two dosages of 5 g/d. They will provide stool samples before and at the end of the intake period. They will record any gastrointestinal sensations and bowel habits in a diary. Urinary samples will be collected at baseline and end of intervention for analysis of metabolites with Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR).
This is a study of LY3526318 in healthy male Japanese. The main purposes of this study are to: - Assess how safe and well tolerated LY3526318 is when given by mouth. - Measure how LY3526318 affects the kidney and the liver. The study will be conducted in three parts (Part A, Part B, Part C). Participants may only enroll in one part. After screening, the study will last from one to two weeks, depending on part.
The investigators are recruiting healthy volunteers to donate a finger prick blood sample or a small venous sample to Entia for the further development and testing of our blood analyser. The venous samples are taken by a registered nurse hired via a third party company. The results of the blood tests are not informed to the participants unless they explicitly ask for it.
The purpose of this clinical trial is to learn if the study medicine (called PF-07817883) is safe and how it goes in and out of the body in healthy people. PF-07817883 is for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Participants will take PF-07817883 by mouth up to 2 times a day. This study may also evaluate how much PF-07817883 gets into the body when taken as pill. We may study if people's diets can affect this study medicine. We may also examine how PF-07817883 is processed and removed by the human body. Finally, we may look into if PF-07817883 has potential to interact with midazolam.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the world's leading cause of disability according to the World Health Organization. MDD is highly recurrent, even if clinical remission is reached after successful treatment. In fact, the enormous burden of disability, mortality and financial costs is due to the recurrent and chronic nature of MDD. The reliable prediction of the recurrence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) based on a prognostic model that is informed by biological, neurophysiological or neuroimaging data would be valuable and lifesaving for many. However, such models are still lacking. Several lines of evidence point to abnormal prefrontal control over limbic emotion processing areas in MDD owing to diminished prefrontal excitability that seems to persist during MDD remission (rMDD). Prefrontal excitability in rMDD may thus be a trait marker of MDD and may potentially be indicative of disease recurrence. Yet, research investigating the potential utility of prefrontal excitability for predicting the recurrence of MDEs is lacking. Cortical excitability can be investigated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); however, human studies have mostly probed cortical excitability of the motor cortex, a brain region not considered to be central in the neuropathology of MDD. Hence, knowledge of the effect of TMS on prefrontal excitability is limited. Moreover, whether immediate prefrontal modulation by TMS can predict the recurrence of MDEs in fully remitted MDD patients remains to be investigated. Thus, there is a need for research that aims to quantify the direct and immediate aftereffects of TMS on prefrontal function. Most importantly, with regard to precision medicine, there is a need for research that explores the utility of immediate prefrontal reactivity to TMS for predicting MDE recurrence. Here, the investigators propose a research program that will exploit the combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with brain stimulation. Concurrent theta-burst stimulation (TBS)/fNIRS measurements will allow us to systematically investigate stimulation-induced modulation of blood oxygenation as a proxy for induced brain activity changes (TBS is a modern form of patterned TMS). The findings from this study will (1) elucidate the immediate effects of excitatory and inhibitory brain stimulation on prefrontal activity in rMDD and controls and (2) validate the potential utility of stimulation-induced brain modulation for the prediction of MDE recurrence.