Population Based Strategies for Effective Control of High Blood Pressure in Pakistan

Obesity Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00327574
• Other study ID #: GR 070854
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• First received: May 17, 2006
• Last updated: May 25, 2006
• Start date: June 2004
• Est. completion date: September 2007

Study information

• Verified date: May 2006
• Source: Aga Khan University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: Pakistan: Pakistan Medical Research Council
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Studies have established that high blood pressure (BP) is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite a heavy burden of hypertension (33% of all persons aged 45 years and over), there are no reliable data on comparative strategies to manage hypertension in Pakistan. Our Wellcome Trust funded pilot study in Karachi, Pakistan on 320 adults aged 40 years and over showed that the prevalence of hypertension (95% CI) was 40.3% (34.9-45.7%), and CVD was 32.5% (27.6-37.8%).

We will now conduct a study with two components: 1) cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of CVD, and its determinants in Karachi, Pakistan; and 2) prospective, 2x2 factorial design, cluster allocation intervention study to evaluate the impact of a i) Population approach of household health education (HHE) by community health workers (CHW) on BP levels of population aged 5 years or over in low-middle income communities of Karachi; and ii) High-Risk approach of special BP management administered by intensively trained local general practitioners on BP levels of hypertensive subjects aged > = 40 years from the above population.

The cost effective BP control strategy would serve as a model for a much-needed national level hypertension control programme in Pakistan, and possibly other developing countries in South Asia.

We hypothesize that 1) HHE delivered by trained CHW is superior to no HHE in lowering BP levels of the population; and 2) management of hypertension by specially trained GPs is better than usual care provided in the communities of Karachi in lowering blood pressure of hypertensive subjects.

Description:

The proposed study will be conducted among the low and middle-income population in Karachi. This population is likely to be particularly prone to CVD, has the poorest access to quality care, and is often prescribed expensive drugs by GPs.

Screening visit: The Community Health Workers (CHW) will pay home visits to invite all subjects aged 5 years or over to participate in the survey. The screening would have three levels: 1) Household screening for subjects aged 5 years and over (n= 17,850 individuals, 3000 households). 2) Adult screening for individuals aged 40 years or over (n= 4200 individuals). 3) Hypertensive adults screening (n= 1860 individuals) for those identified to have hypertension on adult screening will be invited for re-measurement of BP to confirm hypertension.

Intervention Effectiveness Study: This is a 2x2 factorial design, cluster allocation intervention study comparing controls with intervention by primary care GP, with or without health education. The main comparisons relate to the reduction of BP in a) all household members (aged > 5 years), and b) hypertensive adults (aged > 40 years).

Interventions: The sample will be assigned to four intervention groups:

• Group A: Routine care.

• Group B: Routine care plus Health Education

• Group C: Care provided by trained GP

• Group D: Care provided by trained GP plus Health Education.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 0
• Est. completion date: September 2007
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 5 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• All subjects aged 5 years or over residing in randomly selected communities

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those who have severe co-morbid conditions

• Pregnancy

• Unable to give informed consent

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment, Masking: Single Blind, Primary Purpose: Prevention

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Kidney Disease
• Kidney Diseases
• Obesity

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Home heath education +/_ GP training

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Pakistan	Aga Khan University	Karachi	Sind

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Aga Khan University	Imperial College London, Wellcome Trust

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Pakistan, 

References & Publications (2)

Jafar TH, Jafary FH, Jessani S, Chaturvedi N. Heart disease epidemic in Pakistan: women and men at equal risk. Am Heart J. 2005 Aug;150(2):221-6. — View Citation

Jafar TH, Levey AS, Jafary FH, White F, Gul A, Rahbar MH, Khan AQ, Hattersley A, Schmid CH, Chaturvedi N. Ethnic subgroup differences in hypertension in Pakistan. J Hypertens. 2003 May;21(5):905-12. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Cross sectional: The prevalence (95% confidence intervals) of CVD, hypertension, diabetes, albuminuria, and mean values of lipid.
Primary	Intervention study: Changes in systolic and diastolic BP,
Primary	b) body mass index (BMI), e) waist hip ratio, and f) tobacco use from baseline to 2 year follow up visit
Primary	Cost Outcome Measures: These will be computed for hypertensive adults.
Primary	Primary outcomes: incremental cost per mm reduction in SBP, and DBP for each of the three intervention arms.
Primary	the three intervention arms
Secondary	Secondary Effect Outcomes: a) Proportion of subjects with mean follow-up BP less than 140/90 mm Hg,
Secondary	and changes in b) BMI, c) waist hip ratio, and f) tobacco use.
Secondary	Cost outcomes: the total cost per intervention and cost per subjects