View clinical trials related to Muscle Protein Synthesis.
Filter by:Rationale: Food intake stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates. The magnitude of the anabolic response to feeding forms a key factor in regulating muscle mass maintenance. Ingestion of animal-derived proteins generally leads to a greater stimulation of muscle protein synthesis when compared to the ingestion of plant-derived proteins. What is often neglected is that the anabolic properties of protein isolates do not necessarily reflect the anabolic response to the ingestion of the whole-foods from which those are derived. This discrepancy is due to the presence or absence of other components normally found within whole-food matrices, which influence protein digestion and amino acid absorption from animal based and plant based protein sources. A rapid and robust post-prandial release of food-derived amino acids is of particular relevance for older individuals, who typically show a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to feeding Objective: To compare the post-prandial muscle protein synthetic response following ingestion of a whole-food meal (560 kilo calorie (kCal); ~36 g protein total, ~0.45 g/kg body weight) containing ~100 g lean ground beef (~30 g protein) versus the ingestion of an isonitrogenous, isocaloric whole-food meal containing only plant-based protein sources (561 kCal; ~36 g protein total) in vivo in healthy, older men and women. Study design: randomized, counter-balanced, cross-over design, researchers and participants are not blinded, analysts are blinded. Study population: 16 healthy older (65-85 y) men and women (1:1 ratio of men:women) Intervention: Participants will undergo 2 test days. On one test day participants will consume a whole-food meal containing meat as the primary source of protein (~36 g, ~0.45 g/kg body weight). On the other day, participants will consume a whole-food meal containing only plant-based foods as the source of protein (~36 g or ~0.45 g/kg body weight). In addition, a continuous intravenous tracer infusion will be applied, and blood an muscle samples will be collected in order to assess the muscle protein synthetic response. Main study parameters/endpoints: The primary endpoint will be mixed muscle protein synthesis rates over the full 6h post-prandial period following meal ingestion.
Muscle and strength begin to noticeably decline around 50 years of age, increasing an individual's risk for disease and disability. Although changes in muscle mass ultimately depend on the balance of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and breakdown (MPB) of muscle proteins, the latter remains relatively constant with aging. Accordingly, interventions that increase rates of MPS may combat long-term decrements in skeletal muscle mass and function. Previous research has established that an optimal diet to maintain muscle mass in elderly individuals requires relatively large amounts of high-quality protein to be consumed at each meal of the day. While this is a seemingly simple strategy, there are some barriers to increasing protein feeding in elderly individuals, particularly the cost of high-quality protein and, sometimes, difficulty with chewing/swallowing. Moreover, older adults often do not wish to consume large portions of protein in one meal. Milk is a readily accessible, affordable and nutritious source of nutrient-dense high-quality protein. Consuming milk with each meal is an easy strategy to promote the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass with aging. There is also evidence suggesting that a higher fat content of milk can have a beneficial role in stimulating the MPS response to feeding, but there are insufficient data to recommend this strategy to elderly individuals. The primary aim is to measure the rates of MPS in response to controlled diets providing whole milk, fat-free milk, or a control supplement (almond beverage - often marketed as an 'alternative' to milk) with each meal. All diets will provide equal amounts of energy, but the dairy interventions will provide more protein, reflecting the amount of protein provided by each beverage. The investigators hypothesize that rates of MPS will be highest in the whole milk group but that fat-free milk will still elicit a greater MPS than almond beverage. The investigators will conduct the comparison of beverages under habitual physical activity levels and under a brief period of increased physical activity (i.e., increased daily steps). Thus, the investigators will be able to determine whether MPS responses to the experimental beverages are increased in combination with physical activity. The results will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of daily milk ingestion for the maintenance of muscle in the elderly, increasing the marketability of milk, and potentially whole milk.
Dietary protein is vital for the preservation of health and optimal adaptation to training. Plant proteins are considered inferior to animal proteins with respect to their ability to stimulate an acute muscle building response and therefore support long-term muscle reconditioning. Pea protein is a highly commercially available plant proteins source (available as supplements, food ingredients etc.), yet there is no research investigating its ability to stimulate a muscle building response. The investigators aim to assess the effect of consuming pea protein on muscle protein synthesis rates and compare these results to mycoprotein, a source known to elicit a robust anabolic response. Pea protein is lower in some of the essential amino acids, namely methionine, which could mean it is less effective compared with mycoprotein which has a more complete amino acid profile. So in addition to comparing pea with mycoprotein, the investigators also want to compare to a blend of pea and mycoprotein to see if replenishing the amino acid content in pea 'rescues' the anabolic response.
This study will investigate the effects of potato protein on muscle protein synthesis over a short-term (a few hours after eating) and longer term (after two weeks of unilateral resistance exercise). Young women will be randomized to received potato protein supplementation or placebo in addition to their usual diet. Muscle biopsies will be taken and the participants will drink doubly labelled water to allow for the measurement of protein synthesis over time.
Adopting a healthy eating pattern is important for meeting dietary recommendations and weight management. Although less clear, it seems reasonable to assume that the eating patterns we typically follow can also affect our psychological wellbeing. As such, healthy eating patterns are often adapted to suit one's personal preference. For example, many people choose to follow a vegetarian-style eating pattern whereby meat, poultry, and seafood are excluded from the diet. However, current research suggests that vegetarian eating patterns may result in decreased synthesis of new muscle proteins when compared to the typical meat-based US-style diet. This ultimately leads to reduced muscle quality and mass which increases the risk of dependence and mobility limitations later in life. Another important factor to consider when adapting a healthy eating pattern is the frequency and distribution of meals throughout the day. In the US, protein intake is typically skewed throughout the day such that people consume more protein at dinner when compared to breakfast. This skewed distribution combined with a low meal frequency (3 meals per day) can also sacrifice the rate of muscle protein synthesis. As such, it is important to investigate the interaction between food choices, meal frequency, and protein distribution to promote muscle health and prevent development of disease and disability. In addition, it is also important to understand how these eating patterns affect enjoyment and pleasure following meals. This work will help to determine healthy eating patterns that promote muscle health and psychological wellbeing.
The anabolic action of 'fast' whey protein on the regulation of postprandial muscle protein synthesis has been established to be short-lived in healthy young adults. Our aim was assess the time course of anabolic signaling events and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis rates (MPS) after ingestion of a food source that represents a more typical meal-induced pattern of aminoacidemia, namely milk protein concentrate, in healthy young males.
The optimal EAA-containing protein format necessary to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis and optimize whole-body net protein balance during caloric deprivation has not been determined. This study will address that gap in knowledge by examining post, whole-body exercise muscle and whole-body protein kinetic responses to ingesting varying EAA-containing protein formats after a 5 day period of negative energy balance. This study will provide the initial evidence to support the development of a recovery-based food product for military combat rations.
Athletes frequently undertake periods of intensified training commonly referred to as "overreaching." These training periods acutely decrease performance, with the expectation that performance will rebound and improve after a short recovery. Yet, overreaching does not always improve performance and may be a precursor to overtraining syndrome, a long-term decrement in performance. A nutritional intervention focused on the adoption of 'best practices' for protein feeding (optimal timing, dose, and quality) could help reduce the stress of overreaching, reduce the likelihood of developing overtraining syndrome, and augment adaptations to intensified exercise. While the nutrition study is our main interest, the investigators first want to validate the measurement of exercise performance. Accordingly, this project consists of two related studies: (1) the assessment of short time trials for reliability and validity; and (2) the assessment of optimal protein feeding to decrease the stress of overreaching and improve outcomes following training.
The amount of essential amino acids (EAA) necessary to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis and optimize whole-body net protein balance during caloric deprivation has not been determined. This study will address that gap in knowledge by examining the resting and post-exercise muscle and whole-body protein kinetic responses to ingesting varying amounts of EAA after a 5 day period of negative energy balance. This study will provide the initial evidence to support the development of a recovery-based food product for military combat rations.
This study compares three different protein supplements (casein, whey and leucine-enriched whey) and their effect on post-inflammatory muscle waste in a model of acute disease. Each test person will undergo all three interventions. It is believed that leucine is the primary driver of muscle protein synthesis and therefore we hypothesize that leucine-enriched whey and whey are superior to casein in combating post-inflammatory muscle waste, because of its higher leucine content (16%, 11% and 9% leucine, respectively).