View clinical trials related to Muscle Protein Synthesis.
Filter by:The goal of this randomized, double-blind, parallel group interventional study is to evaluate the effect of ketone bodies on healthy older adults (65-85 y) during 5 days of bed rest. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does supplementation of ketone bodies prevent the typical decline in muscle protein synthesis, muscle size, muscle function, insulin sensitivity, and muscle mitochondrial function that occurs in response to bed rest? Researchers will compare ketone supplements (KET) to an energy matched control beverage (carbohydrates and fats) to see if the ketones can rescue the decline in muscle protein synthesis rates, muscle loss, muscle function, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function due to 5 days of bed rest. This may positively impact the heath of older adults subjected to bed rest.
Rationale: Protein ingestion stimulates muscle protein synthesis and augments the muscle protein synthetic response to a single exercise session. In support, protein supplementation has been shown to augment the gains in muscle mass and strength following resistance exercise training. The force generated by contracting muscle is transferred through a network of connective tissue proteins towards the bone. Consequently, remodeling of skeletal muscle connective tissue represents an essential component of skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. The anabolic effect of a protein supplement is mainly determined by the plasma amino acid response after ingestion. Although whey protein is considered the preferred protein source to maximize myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, it contains insufficient glycine and proline to support the post-exercise increase in connective tissue protein synthesis rates. In contrast, collagen protein is rich in glycine and proline and has, therefore, been proposed as a preferred protein source to support connective tissue remodeling. Hence, the combined ingestion of whey plus collagen protein may therefore be preferred to stimulate both myofibrillar and collagen protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle tissue. The most ideal protein supplement for stimulating both myofibrillar and collagen protein synthesis is one that gives a rapid initial rise in plasma amino acid concentrations including leucine, proline and glycine concentrations. However, the effect a blend of whey and collagen protein on myofibrillar and connective tissue protein synthesis rates is unknown. Objective: To assess the effect of a whey and collagen protein blend versus a placebo on myofibrillar and connective tissue protein synthesis rates in muscle obtained during recovery from exercise and rest in vivo in humans. Study design: Double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled intervention study. Study population: 28 healthy recreationally active males (18-35 y; BMI: 18.5-30 kg/m2). Intervention: Participants will perform unilateral resistance exercise followed by the ingestion of either a blend of 25 g whey and 5 g collagen protein or a non-caloric placebo (flavored water). Continuous intravenous stable isotope amino acid tracer infusions will be applied, and plasma and muscle samples will be collected in order to assess protein synthesis rates in muscle tissue.
Rationale: Consumption of sufficient dietary protein is fundamental to skeletal muscle mass maintenance and overall health. Conventional animal-based protein sources such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy are considered high-quality sources of dietary protein. However, the production of sufficient amounts of these conventional animal-based proteins to meet future global food demands will be challenging. Consequently, there is a great interest in more sustainable alternatives for these high-quality protein sources. Edible insects have recently been proposed as a high quality source of dietary protein. Insects are produced on a more viable and sustainable commercial scale and, as such, may contribute to ensuring global food security. Insect derived proteins represent a protein source that combines high quality with a (more) sustainable production. Though insect proteins have been suggested as a solution to secure future global dietary protein needs, there little data to support the bioavailability of insect derived proteins and their capacity to stimulate post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans. Objective: To assess the impact of ingesting mealworm derived protein on muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from aerobic exercise in a group healthy men and women Study design: randomized, counter-balanced, cross-over design Study population: 20 healthy lean (BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2) young males and females (age: 18-35 y inclusive). Intervention: Subjects will perform running exercise and consume either 0.38 g per kg bodyweight mealworm protein or a non-caloric placebo. In addition, continuous intravenous tracer infusions will be applied, with plasma and muscle samples collected. Main study parameters/endpoints: The primary outcome will be post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rates following beverage ingestion.
Amino acid (building blocks of protein) and polyphenol supplements are commonly consumed post resistance exercise in order to aid muscle recovery. Both supplements have been shown to be beneficial in isolation, however, there is little known about the effect on recovery of combining the two. Muscle recovery is related to the ability to build new muscle protein from amino acids (muscle protein synthesis). This response is thought to be impacted in females by hormones that fluctuate across different phases of the menstrual cycle. However, the effect of menstrual cycle phase on muscle protein synthesis during recovery is not known.
Rationale: Food intake stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates. The magnitude of the anabolic response to feeding forms a key factor in regulating muscle mass maintenance. Ingestion of animal-derived proteins generally leads to a greater stimulation of muscle protein synthesis when compared to the ingestion of plant-derived proteins. What is often neglected is that the anabolic properties of protein isolates do not necessarily reflect the anabolic response to the ingestion of the whole-foods from which those are derived. This discrepancy is due to the presence or absence of other components normally found within whole-food matrices, which influence protein digestion and amino acid absorption from animal based and plant based protein sources. A rapid and robust post-prandial release of food-derived amino acids is of particular relevance for older individuals, who typically show a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to feeding Objective: To compare the post-prandial muscle protein synthetic response following ingestion of a whole-food meal (560 kilo calorie (kCal); ~36 g protein total, ~0.45 g/kg body weight) containing ~100 g lean ground beef (~30 g protein) versus the ingestion of an isonitrogenous, isocaloric whole-food meal containing only plant-based protein sources (561 kCal; ~36 g protein total) in vivo in healthy, older men and women. Study design: randomized, counter-balanced, cross-over design, researchers and participants are not blinded, analysts are blinded. Study population: 16 healthy older (65-85 y) men and women (1:1 ratio of men:women) Intervention: Participants will undergo 2 test days. On one test day participants will consume a whole-food meal containing meat as the primary source of protein (~36 g, ~0.45 g/kg body weight). On the other day, participants will consume a whole-food meal containing only plant-based foods as the source of protein (~36 g or ~0.45 g/kg body weight). In addition, a continuous intravenous tracer infusion will be applied, and blood an muscle samples will be collected in order to assess the muscle protein synthetic response. Main study parameters/endpoints: The primary endpoint will be mixed muscle protein synthesis rates over the full 6h post-prandial period following meal ingestion.
Muscle and strength begin to noticeably decline around 50 years of age, increasing an individual's risk for disease and disability. Although changes in muscle mass ultimately depend on the balance of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and breakdown (MPB) of muscle proteins, the latter remains relatively constant with aging. Accordingly, interventions that increase rates of MPS may combat long-term decrements in skeletal muscle mass and function. Previous research has established that an optimal diet to maintain muscle mass in elderly individuals requires relatively large amounts of high-quality protein to be consumed at each meal of the day. While this is a seemingly simple strategy, there are some barriers to increasing protein feeding in elderly individuals, particularly the cost of high-quality protein and, sometimes, difficulty with chewing/swallowing. Moreover, older adults often do not wish to consume large portions of protein in one meal. Milk is a readily accessible, affordable and nutritious source of nutrient-dense high-quality protein. Consuming milk with each meal is an easy strategy to promote the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass with aging. There is also evidence suggesting that a higher fat content of milk can have a beneficial role in stimulating the MPS response to feeding, but there are insufficient data to recommend this strategy to elderly individuals. The primary aim is to measure the rates of MPS in response to controlled diets providing whole milk, fat-free milk, or a control supplement (almond beverage - often marketed as an 'alternative' to milk) with each meal. All diets will provide equal amounts of energy, but the dairy interventions will provide more protein, reflecting the amount of protein provided by each beverage. The investigators hypothesize that rates of MPS will be highest in the whole milk group but that fat-free milk will still elicit a greater MPS than almond beverage. The investigators will conduct the comparison of beverages under habitual physical activity levels and under a brief period of increased physical activity (i.e., increased daily steps). Thus, the investigators will be able to determine whether MPS responses to the experimental beverages are increased in combination with physical activity. The results will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of daily milk ingestion for the maintenance of muscle in the elderly, increasing the marketability of milk, and potentially whole milk.
Dietary protein is vital for the preservation of health and optimal adaptation to training. Plant proteins are considered inferior to animal proteins with respect to their ability to stimulate an acute muscle building response and therefore support long-term muscle reconditioning. Pea protein is a highly commercially available plant proteins source (available as supplements, food ingredients etc.), yet there is no research investigating its ability to stimulate a muscle building response. The investigators aim to assess the effect of consuming pea protein on muscle protein synthesis rates and compare these results to mycoprotein, a source known to elicit a robust anabolic response. Pea protein is lower in some of the essential amino acids, namely methionine, which could mean it is less effective compared with mycoprotein which has a more complete amino acid profile. So in addition to comparing pea with mycoprotein, the investigators also want to compare to a blend of pea and mycoprotein to see if replenishing the amino acid content in pea 'rescues' the anabolic response.
This study will investigate the effects of potato protein on muscle protein synthesis over a short-term (a few hours after eating) and longer term (after two weeks of unilateral resistance exercise). Young women will be randomized to received potato protein supplementation or placebo in addition to their usual diet. Muscle biopsies will be taken and the participants will drink doubly labelled water to allow for the measurement of protein synthesis over time.
The anabolic action of 'fast' whey protein on the regulation of postprandial muscle protein synthesis has been established to be short-lived in healthy young adults. Our aim was assess the time course of anabolic signaling events and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis rates (MPS) after ingestion of a food source that represents a more typical meal-induced pattern of aminoacidemia, namely milk protein concentrate, in healthy young males.
The optimal EAA-containing protein format necessary to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis and optimize whole-body net protein balance during caloric deprivation has not been determined. This study will address that gap in knowledge by examining post, whole-body exercise muscle and whole-body protein kinetic responses to ingesting varying EAA-containing protein formats after a 5 day period of negative energy balance. This study will provide the initial evidence to support the development of a recovery-based food product for military combat rations.