View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Massive pediatric burns are associated with a persistent and sustained hypermetabolic response characterized by elevated levels of circulating catecholamine's, cortisol, and glucagon's, which can cause extreme muscle wasting, immunodeficiency, and delay in wound healing. Insulin and metformin have demonstrated anabolic activity with minimal associated side effects. However, it is unknown whether the beneficial effects arise from tight euglycemic control or direct effect of insulin action. We hypothesize that during acute hospitalization, administration of metformin at a dose titrated to maintain blood glucose between 80-180 mg/dl will accelerate wound healing and recovery in children with severe thermal injury and will have beneficial long-term effects on muscle strength, immune function, and wound healing.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether metformin is an effective adjunctive treatment for transient hyperglycemia in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing induction chemotherapy
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive disorder in women of reproductive age and despite decades of research the etiology the disorder is not known. The characteristic hyperandrogenism and anovulation is associated with abnormal neuroendocrine function and insulin resistance. Obesity is a common correlated phenotype of Polycystic ovary syndrome and weight gain worsens the reproductive and metabolic complications. Currently there is no evidence-based treatment plan for infertility in Polycystic ovary syndrome; yet weight loss by dietary restriction and regular exercise are strongly advocated. Weight loss and increased insulin sensitivity appear to drive improvements in reproductive outcomes in women with Polycystic ovary syndrome; however, the mechanism connecting these changes with the reproductive axis is not fully understood.
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 10% of reproductive-age women. Women with PCOS are at a higher risk of gestational diabetes, which may lead to more pregnancy complications. It is unknown if there are factors that may predict which women are more at risk. The goal of this study is to evaluate the risk factors of gestational diabetes, such as dietary and physical activity factors, race, and how the body handles its own hormones during pregnancy. Our long term goal is to contribute in finding ways to successfully prevent gestational diabetes.
The purpose of this study are twofold: 1. To understand the effects of physical inactivity (sedentarism) on vascular function, insulin resistance and inflammation; 2. To assess the role of a dietary intervention (fish oil) in counteracting the effects of physical inactivity on vascular function and inflammation.
This study will test the hypothesis that 6 months of periodic high dose Vitamin D3 replacement (200,000 and 100,000 units cholecalciferol, oral liquid drops at 6 to 8 week intervals) followed in-between by daily 1000 units, decreases insulin resistance by HOMA2-IR ≥ 0.36, in comparison to control, standard dose Vitamin D3 1000IU/ day for 6 months, in south Asians with both Vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25 Hydroxy vitamin D < 25nmol/l) and insulin resistance (defined as HOMA1 -IR≥ 1.93). The hypothesis formed suggests that insulin resistance developed in South Asians is explained, at least in part, by the presence of Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD). Therefore if the VDD is reversed/ 'normalised into target range' using Vitamin D therapy in individuals at risk of diabetes, then markers of insulin resistance should reduce from baseline values. However, current UK recommended doses of Vitamin D do not adequately replenish severe VDD, common in South Asians, back into the target range and therefore will not reduce insulin resistance markers. Therefore only higher pharmacological doses are able to replace severe Vitamin D deficiency adequately and improve insulin resistance markers.
Studies have shown that people with certain disorders have an increased risk of developing a condition called Metabolic Syndrome (MS). In this study, the investigators want to learn more about MS among people staying in the hospital for treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and also Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features (MDpsy). The investigators also want to learn more about a stress hormone called cortisol that is made in the body. Those who take part in this study will answer some questionnaires, be given some psychiatric interviews, and have some blood taken along with a urine sample. The investigators believe that patients in the hospital with MDpsy will have higher baseline rates of MS factors, cortisol levels, dexamethasone non-suppression, and insulin resistance, compared with MDD alone.
The study is designed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to investigate potential mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in NAFLD by determining associations between hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, inflammatory cytokines, glucose metabolism, beta-cell function and body fat distribution.
This study is an investigation of the effect of commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive agents on insulin sensitivity, diastolic function and aortic compliance. The aims of the study are as follows: Specific Aim 1: To determine in insulin resistant, hypertensive subjects if renin inhibition for 12 weeks modifies glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. To accomplish this specific aim, we will use three approaches: a fasting HOMA Index; and a three hour glucose tolerance test. Only hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance, as assessed by HOMA index will be enrolled in the study. Insulin resistance will be assessed basally and after twelve weeks of treatment with either a calcium channel blocker with placebo, or calcium channel blocker with a renin inhibitor, or a calcium channel blocker with a renin inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor antagonist. Specific Aim 2: To determine in insulin resistant, hypertensive subjects if renin inhibition for 12 weeks modifies diastolic function and aortic compliance response to dietary sodium intake. The same protocol and subjects will be used as defined in Specific Aim 1. Myocardial relaxation velocity (tissue Doppler imaging at the mitral annulus) and aortic compliance (characteristic aortic impedance) will be measured at baseline and then after acute and chronic renin inhibition: 1. Acute effect of renin inhibition: Hemodynamic measurements will be obtained on both high and low dietary sodium intake conditions (~1 week each) before and after a single dose of a renin inhibitor. 2. Chronic effect of renin inhibition: Hemodynamic measurements will be obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks of each of the three drug treatment arms above. The study lasts 12 weeks and plans to study 45 hypertensive adults over the next two years.
In this project, we propose to recruit lean and obese subjects with different ethnic background (African Americans and Caucasians) to study the alterations of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and determine whether these disturbances are linked to genetic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and/or nutritional factors. Because systemic inflammation and insulin resistance are frequent features of obesity, we postulate that an unbalanced diet with high saturated- and low omega 3-fatty acids is linked to obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance. We propose to investigate fatty acid metabolism and determine the links between fatty acid composition and oxidative stress in tissues of lean and obese subjects. We propose the following aims: Specific Aim 1: Evaluate nutrient intake in lean and obese subjects using the standard NHANES Food Questionnaire. Specific Aim 2: Evaluate the fatty acid composition, including omega-3, in adipose tissue depots, blood monocytes and skeletal muscle, and examine the relationship between omega-3 content and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Specific Aim 3: Compare the effects of omega-3 and saturated FA supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in vitro in adipose tissue explants, preadipocytes and monocyte culture.