View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:This is a research study about how short-term exercise intervention affects adolescents with a disease called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
ABSTRACT Introduction: There is no current data about the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) about important factors, such as the energy intake, appetite and its relationship in people with insulin resistance when tasting sweet. It is highly relevant to compare the effects of NNS intake, such as, stevia (steviol glycosides) and D-tagatose, previous to a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on glycaemic and C-peptide responses in women with insulin resistance. Objective: To compare the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners intake: stevia (steviol glyco-sides) and sucralose previous to OGTT on appetite, glycemia and C-peptide plasmatic concentrations in women with insulin resistance. Methods: Thirty-three women with T2DM were studied in 3 different moments and they received 3 treatments: pre-load of water or D-tagatose or stevia and then offered to consume a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were obtained to measure the dependent variables, glycemic at times -10, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes and C-peptide at times -10, 30, 90, 120 and 180 minutes. The analogue visual scale questionnaires (VAS) was conducted every 30 minutes in order to obtain the results of the depend variables: appetite and wish of specific type of food in a subjective way; appetite, satiety, relax, wish to eat any food, craving for something sweet, craving for something salty, something tasty, something fatty. Through food provided ad libi-tum (objective appetite), were obtained the results of: energy, carbohydrates, proteins and lipid intakes. The statistical analysis applied included the Shapiro-Wilk's Normality test, repeated measures ANOVA to assess differences among treatments, Friedman's test followed by Wilcoxon test corrected by Bonferroni as needed. The degree of association between variables was conducted using the Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient tests, as requested. A probability value p <0.05 was considered significant.
Insulin resistance (IR) is an early metabolic alteration in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, becoming almost universal in those who reach the end stage of kidney failure. The skeletal muscle represents the primary site of IR in CKD, and alterations at sites beyond the insulin receptor are recognized as the main defect underlying IR in this condition. The etiology of IR in CKD is multifactorial in nature and may be secondary to disturbances that are prominent in renal diseases, including physical inactivity, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, vitamin D deficiency, metabolic acidosis, anemia, adipokine derangement, and altered gut microbiome. IR has been solidly associated with intermediate mechanisms leading to cardiovascular (CV) disease in CKD including left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have identified a muscle factor β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), which is produced by skeletal muscle during physical activity. BAIBA have been found to link with sedentary life style, abdominal obesity, and impairments in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A few studies have shown that BAIBA can protect from diet-induced obesity in animal models. It induces transition of white adipose tissue to a "beige" phenotype, which induces fatty acids oxidation and increases insulin sensitivity. While the exact mechanisms of BAIBA-induced metabolic effects are still not well understood, the aim of this study is want to study its relationship with muscle wasting and insulin resistance in a group of non-diabetic hemodialysis patients.
Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) are a good source of health enhancing hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, rheosmin, potassium, carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin K1. Compared to other berries commonly consumed in the US, the health benefits of red raspberries to improve pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) and type 2 diabetes have never been explored. The clinical study proposed in this project seeks to investigate the protective effect of whole red raspberries against insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in PDM and type 2 diabetic patients. The in vitro study proposed in the project will assist in identifying the molecular mechanisms by which whole red raspberry protect islet cells against oxidative stress, insulin resistance and loss of cell function.
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Smectite is a natural silicate clay belonging to the dioctahedral smectite class formed from aluminomagnesium silicate. It is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but binds to intestinal mucous, forms multilayer structure with high plastic viscosity and powerful coating properties hence preserving integrity of the mucus, and has the ability to absorb directly bacterial toxins, bacteria, viruses and bile salts. The current study aim was to conduct placebo-controlled randomize clinical trial for the efficiency of a combination of multiprobiotics with smectite (Symbiter-Forte formulation) as an adjunction to the standard anti-diabetic therapy on IR, glycemic control parameters, β-cells functional activity, anthropometric parameters and markers of a chronic systemic inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes patients.
African American women have a high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and do not optimally burn fat and carbohydrates in response to changes in these nutrients in their diets. This research project seek to determine if high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise training can help healthy, but inactive, premenopausal, non-diabetic women increase their bodies' use of fat and carbohydrates when provided with a high fat or low fat diets. In this study, investigators will measure the rate at which fat is burned in response to weight maintaining low-fat and high-fat diets and how exercise may affect these responses.
Inadequate sleep is an independent risk factor for metabolic abnormalities (such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia). Women report sleep disruption during the menopause transition (perimenopause) and into the postmenopausal years. Sleep disruption is one of the primary reasons why midlife women seek medical care, with up to 60% reporting significant sleep disturbances (e.g., trouble falling asleep, early morning waking, and hot flashes/night sweats). Despite the majority of women experiencing sleep disruption, no study has investigated the molecular mechanisms linking sleep disruption and the changes in metabolism that coincide with menopause.
The obesity epidemic calls for new therapeutic opportunities to prevent and treat obesity and its comorbidities amongst which are insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence suggests that tissue oxygenation plays an important role in cardiometabolic health. Remarkably, individuals residing at high altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) are less prone to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to individuals living at sea-level (normobaric normoxia). Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that normobaric hypoxia exposure may improve glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in both rodents and humans. The level of physical activity is an important determinant of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. It is well established that performing physical activity improves glucose uptake in the short term, and glycemic control in the long term. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated that an acute bout of exercise under hypoxic conditions (inhalation of air containing less oxygen) may lead to a more pronounced improvement in plasma glucose concentrations and/or insulin sensitivity as compared to normoxic exercise. However, the effects of repeated hypoxic exercise bouts on glucose profile throughout the day (i.e. 24h continuous glucose monitoring) remain elusive. In the present randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over study study, the investigators will investigate the effects of exercise under mild normobaric hypoxic conditions (FiO2, 15%) for 4 consecutive days (2 x 30-min cycling session at 50% WMAX) on postprandial substrate metabolism and 24h-glucose level in overweight/obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The investigators hypothesize that 4 consecutive days of exposure to mild hypoxia while performing moderate intensity exercise improves glucose homeostasis in overweight and obese individuals with impaired glucose homeostasis.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of BKR-017 on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects during 28 days of active test product administration.
Disturbances of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are one of the features of dysfunction of adipose tissue (AT). Disturbances of DNL play a role in development of metabolic complications of obesity. The goal of this project is to investigate novel pathways of DNL regulation. DNL will be studied during nutritional interventions in healthy and obese subjects in exposure to 2-days high carbohydrate diet preceded by a) 2-days fasting b) several weeks´ ketogenic diet. This nutritional protocol creates conditions for the study of prominent changes in DNL: suppression of DNL during fasting or ketogenic diet followed by stimulation during high-carbohydrate diet. Systemic phenotypic features and molecular indices of DNL regulation in AT will be followed during the protocols. Specific attention will be paid to newly reported pathway- hormone sensitive lipase and transcription factor ChREBP. The results will contribute to development of pharmacological approaches in the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity, targeted selectively to AT, without side effects in other tissues.