View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The investigators intends to carry out a randomized, cross-over, prospective study which will last 48 weeks in youth with T1DM followed up by the center. The purpose is to observe the effects of metformin on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with T1DM based on insulin therapy by using 72h CGMS and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps.
Data from experimental animals and human epidemiological studies have suggested that hypohydration and/or low water intake is linked to poor glucose regulation and diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cellular dehydration on glucose in healthy non-diabetic individuals. METHODS: 60 males and females (30-55 y) will will undergo two experimental trials (ISO and HYP), consisting of a 2-h intravenous infusion of isotonic or hypertonic saline on two separate occasions, followed by a 4-h oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were taken from an antecubital vein in 30-min intervals starting at baseline for assessment of fluid and glucose regulating factors. Thirst will be assessed via visual analog following each blood sample. Energy substrate oxidation will be calculated via indirect calorimetry every 60 min.
In this pilot study, the investigators plan to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C due to HCV genotype 3 infection using an interferon-free regimen consisting in the administration of ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir - a combination of a nucleotide RNA polymerase inhibitor with a non-structural protein 5A inhibitor. Patients will undergo a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, using tracers, and indirect calorimetry to assess whether the viral suppression induced by this regimen will be capable of reversing the glucose metabolic alterations induced by HCV in both the liver and extrahepatic compartments. Adipose and muscle tissue biopsies will also be performed to assess some specific molecular changes induced by HCV.
The overall goal of the proposal is to use a saturated fatty acid (SFA)- enriched, high fat diet to rapidly induce insulin resistance (IR) to provide insight into underlying proximal mechanisms of reduced insulin signaling. Specifically, investigators will identify the initial changes in metabolite concentrations/or pathway signaling ("pathways" will be used to broadly refer to these mechanism specific measures) and therefore the mechanisms most likely responsible for the development of IR during this high fat nutritional challenge. Investigators have assembled a multidisciplinary team that is versed with dietary studies, fatty acid metabolism, measurement of IR and potential mechanisms and mediators of IR, and has experience working with monocytes and the two tissues, muscle and adipose tissue, that are particularly relevant for understanding the effects of high fat diets on IR.
Approximately 20 million people in the United States have some form of kidney failure. People with kidney failure have an increased chance of having low levels of high density lipid (HDL), so called "good cholesterol." Patients who are overweight or obese also have low levels of HDL. The investigators are trying to find out whether causes of low HDL are the same in people who are overweight and in patients with kidney failure so that in the future doctors can better treat low HDL cholesterol levels. People with low levels of HDL are more likely to have heart attacks and strokes and are more likely to lose kidney function. This study hope to learn more about how kidney failure causes low HDL cholesterol levels.
This study investigates weather a family history of type 2 diabetes affects exercise induced improvements in insulin sensitivity in the hispanic population
The proposed work will investigate the effects of avocados on abdominal obesity and glycemic control among overweight/obese adults.
Preclinical studies have demonstrated in mouse models that (PYR1)-apelin-13 exerts a glucose-regulating action in vivo. The (PYR1)-apelin-13 effect on insulin sensitivity in healthy overweighed volunteers has been previously assessed in a phase I clinical trial (APELINS study; NCT02033473). The APELINS-2 clinical trial aims to expand the initial proof of concept to the population targeted by future innovative insulin-sensitizing therapies: patients living with type 2 diabetes.
Recent genetic association studies have identified variants in the Peptidyl-Glycine alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase (PAM) gene that increase the risk of diabetes likely through a defect in beta-cell function. This has been followed up and supported by novel kinetic assays and cellular studies. This investigation will recall heterozygous carriers of the risk allele at rs78408340 and age, BMI and gender matched controls from the Oxford Biobank. The study will compare the incretin effect, glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), insulin, glucose levels and PAM protein activity in individuals both with and without the risk variant. The aim of the study is to gain mechanistic insight into the effect of the variant on human physiology and diabetes pathogenesis.
Insulin resistant subjects and type 2 diabetic patients are characterized by a decreased metabolic flexibility: a reduced capability to switch from fat oxidation in the basal state to carbohydrate oxidation in the insulin-stimulated state. This metabolic inflexibility is an early hallmark in the development of diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that a low carnitine availability may limit acetylcarnitine formation, thereby reducing metabolic flexibility. Thus, when substrate flux in the muscle is high, acetyl-CoA concentrations increase, leading to inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and thereby reducing glucose oxidation. The conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetylcarnitine relieves this acetyl-CoA pressure on PDH. To provide more direct insight into the effect of carnitine in preventing metabolic inflexibility and insulin resistance and to further explore the mechanism of action is the focus of this research. Here, we hypothesize that the capacity to form acetylcarnitine may rescue lipid-induced insulin resistance. To this end, insulin resistance will be induced by lipid infusion in healthy volunteers and it will be tested whether carnitine co-infusion can alleviate insulin resistance.