View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Non diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy are prone to changes in body composition with an increase in visceral fat and muscle wasting all favoured by the insulin resistant state. Malnutrition is associated with a worst prognosis in these patients. Glitazones are the most powerful insulin sensitisers available in clinical practice which also have anti-inflammatory properties. Their use has been associated with significant and favourable changes in body fat distribution in type 2 diabetic subjects. Experimental studies suggest that glitazones may attenuate muscle wasting in renal failure. The goal of this study was to examine in non diabetic ESRD patients the effects of pioglitazone on inulin sensitivity and protein metabolism as determined by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and on changes in body composition as determined by anthropometric measurements, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and CT-scan determined changes in abdominal visceral and sub-cutaneous fat.
This study is an investigation of the effect of commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive agents on insulin sensitivity, diastolic function and aortic compliance. The aims of the study are as follows: Specific Aim 1: To determine in insulin resistant, hypertensive subjects if renin inhibition for 12 weeks modifies glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. To accomplish this specific aim, we will use three approaches: a fasting HOMA Index; and a three hour glucose tolerance test. Only hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance, as assessed by HOMA index will be enrolled in the study. Insulin resistance will be assessed basally and after twelve weeks of treatment with either a calcium channel blocker with placebo, or calcium channel blocker with a renin inhibitor, or a calcium channel blocker with a renin inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor antagonist. Specific Aim 2: To determine in insulin resistant, hypertensive subjects if renin inhibition for 12 weeks modifies diastolic function and aortic compliance response to dietary sodium intake. The same protocol and subjects will be used as defined in Specific Aim 1. Myocardial relaxation velocity (tissue Doppler imaging at the mitral annulus) and aortic compliance (characteristic aortic impedance) will be measured at baseline and then after acute and chronic renin inhibition: 1. Acute effect of renin inhibition: Hemodynamic measurements will be obtained on both high and low dietary sodium intake conditions (~1 week each) before and after a single dose of a renin inhibitor. 2. Chronic effect of renin inhibition: Hemodynamic measurements will be obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks of each of the three drug treatment arms above. The study lasts 12 weeks and plans to study 45 hypertensive adults over the next two years.
Food products derived from cereal grains constitute a major part of the daily diet of many Americans . For example, a typical Chinese American eats rice about 9.5 times a week on an average. However, most of these foods are derived from refined grain. During the refining process grains are stripped of their bran and germ which results in depletion of several biologically active constituents including fiber, anti-oxidants, phytoestrogens and minerals. From observational studies there is evidence for a protective effect of whole-grain foods with regard to the development of type 2 diabetes. More recently, higher intake of whole grains was also associated with decreases in insulin resistance - a risk factor related to the development of type 2 diabetes. In this randomized study the investigators plan to replicate this beneficial effect of improving insulin sensitivity in patients with pre-diabetes and go a step further by exploring the potential mechanisms by which this benefit may occur. The investigators will assess the effect of consuming a whole-grain-rich diet on levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), RAGE (receptor for AGE) and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress - all of which have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The investigators will also look for correlations between the levels of these markers with insulin sensitivity to identify potential mechanisms of pathogenesis.
The study is being conducted to find out why too much fat in your blood stream may cause insulin resistance in your muscles. Insulin is the hormone, produced normally by your body, which causes your blood sugar to return to normal after you eat.
0-hypothesis: advisory support does not 1. prolong the the breast-feeding period 2. minimize the risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in infants of obese mothers
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the daily administration of a synbiotic (oligofructose and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12) for six weeks contributes to improve the glucose tolerance and the low grade inflammation (as reflected as the plasmatic concentrations of ultrasensitive CRP, IL-6, sCD14 and LPS-binding protein) in obese subjects.
This study aims to explore time-dependent effects of lipid infusion an intramyocellular lipid metabolites and the induction of impaired insulin signaling.
Insulin resistance is a crucial factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and a major health problem for older adults. It is the principal mechanism by which obesity is considered to increase the risk for type 2 diabetes and is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome. The elevated prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the older population has important consequences on the morbidity and mortality as well as on the economic burden on society. Controversy currently exists as to whether or not aging contributes to insulin resistance. Many potential factors confound the association between aging and insulin resistance, including obesity and physical inactivity. Ectopic lipid depositions, defined as an excess accumulation of triglycerides in non adipose tissues such as in the liver (intrahepatic lipids) and within the muscle fibers (intramyocellular lipids), are positively associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Furthermore, the accumulation of intracellular lipids is often cited as being a key determinant in the underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance. In addition of playing an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes, these ectopic fat depositions are also observed in common conditions such as aging and physical inactivity. The intervention trial will test in skeletal muscle, liver and heart of sedentary obese volunteers, normal weight volunteers and masters athletes, the overall hypotheses that exercise improvement of fat oxidation capacity and/or decrease of damaging fat metabolites is a primary factor that predicts the improvement in insulin resistance.
The present study was conducted to test whether a fish gelatin supplement combined with an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement can exert beneficial and sex-specific effects on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, indicators of insulin secretion, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, inflammation and energy intake in obese or overweight insulin-resistant men and women. The investigators hypothesis is that fish gelatin improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, lipid profile and reduces inflammation in obese or overweight insulin-resistant men and women.
This study will investigate the non-growth-hormone-dependent metabolic effects of the hormone Ghrelin in growth hormone deficient subjects by examining the insulin tolerance as well as signal proteins in fat and muscle biopsies.