View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is to determine if tamsulosin ("FLOMAX") is effective in preventing post-operative urinary retention following abdominal surgery. Post-operative urinary retention is a common post-operative complication, occurring in up to 30% of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. It can be described as the inability to initiate urination or properly empty one's bladder following surgery. It is usually self-limited, but it requires the use of catheterization to empty the bladder in order to prevent further injury to the bladder or kidneys and to relief the discomfort of a full bladder. Tamsulosin is a medication that is commonly used in men with urinary symptoms related to an enlarged prostate. There is some evidence to suggest that it may also potentially be beneficial for preventing post-operative urinary retention. Therefore, in this research study, subjects scheduled for abdominal surgery will be randomly assigned to take either tamsulosin once-daily or placebo once-daily for one week leading up to surgery, and up to several days after surgery. Urinary function will be assessed and compared between these two treatments. The hypothesis is that tamsulosin will reduce the rate of postoperative urinary retention compared to placebo.
This was a randomized, multicenter, multinational, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of plazomicin compared with meropenem followed by optional oral (PO) therapy in the treatment of cUTI, including AP, in adults.
A combined Phase Ib and IIa randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of VM-1500 in healthy subjects and in patients with HIV-1 infection that are antiretroviral therapy naïve.
Up to now, there is few randomized, large scale study prospectively and simultaneously comparing the efficacy, adverse effects and patient adherence of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) as 1st-line regimens for H. pylori eradication. The aims of this study are: 1. to compare the efficacy of HDDT, and BQT as 1st-line regimen in H. pylori eradication; 2. to compare the patient adherence and adverse effects of these treatment regimens; 3. to investigate factors that may influence H. pylori eradication by these treatment regimens.
This study purposed to examine the adequate range of therapeutic concentration for Korean people by observing curative effects, side effects, blood concentration, etc. in treating CRAB-infected patients with colistin.
The purpose of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Sofosbuvir containing regimens in treatment-naive or treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotypes 2 infection.
Globally, the most common cause of anemia is thought to be iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This was assumed to be the major cause of anemia in Cambodia, because Cambodian diets, which consist mainly of rice, lack iron-rich animal food sources. However, our findings from a previous study in Cambodia (a Canadian government funded study investigating multiple interventions to improve food and nutrition security) showed that IDA is almost non-existent and challenges this assumption. In a cross-sectional survey of 450 women from rural Cambodia, only 1.0% had Hb and ferritin levels indicative of IDA (Hb <120 g/L and ferritin <15 μg/L). A national survey conducted by UNICEF in 2014 found similarly low rates of IDA (Dr. Arnaud Laillou, UNICEF Cambodia). Further, other micronutrients known to be associated with anemia were also low (<3%) including folate and vitamins B12 and B6. In addition, 54% of the Prey Veng women had a genetic Hb disorder (e.g., α-thalassemias), which are inherited diseases that can result in a defective Hb structure and/or impair Hb production, either of which can reduce Hb concentration and increase the risk of anemia. Further, genetic Hb disorders cause ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations to increase, which reduce the diagnostic sensitivity of these biomarkers to identify IDA. In 2011, the Cambodian Ministry of Health (MOH) recommended weekly iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation for all women of reproductive age, consistent with WHO guidelines. However, if iron deficiency is not a major cause of anemia, then at best supplementation is a waste of valuable resources and at worst could cause harm. Further, the justification for provision of multiple micronutrients among this population has not yet been proven, despite the push from some organizations such as the WHO. There is an urgent need to conduct a trial to clarify whether iron or other micronutrient deficiencies are a major cause of anemia in Cambodia. Research Objectives: 1. To compare Hb concentration (g/L) after 12-weeks of supplementation in women to determine if iron significantly improves Hb concentration, compared to a placebo; 2. To compare Hb concentration (g/L) across the four groups (multiple micronutrients with iron, multiple micronutrients without iron, iron alone, and placebo) after 12-weeks; and 3. To determine which of the hematological indicators (ferritin, sTfR, reticulocyte count and hepcidin) have the strongest diagnostic ability to predict responsiveness to iron therapy after 12-weeks using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Methods: A 2 x 2 factorial randomized controlled trial will be conducted over 12 weeks. A total of ~800 women (18-45 y) with mild or moderate anemia will be recruited and randomized to 1 of 4 groups: multiple micronutrients with iron, multiple micronutrients without iron, iron alone or placebo. Blood will be collected at baseline and at 1 and 12 weeks after the intervention and assessed for Hb, hematological biomarkers, inflammation and genetic Hb disorders. The investigators will use a general linear model to measure differences in Hb concentration across the four groups after the intervention. Receiver operating characteristic curves will be used to determine the diagnostic ability of the multiple hematological indicators to predict responsiveness to iron therapy.
The development of surgical site infections (SSI) in clean-contaminated surgery is regarded as being preventable. Known to be effective in the prevention of surgical site infection are the adequate sterilization of the surgical instruments, asepsis during operation, antibiotic prophylaxis where indicated, and certainly the preparation of the skin at the incision site, since the patient's skin is the principal source of bacterial contamination of the wound. This study aims to investigate the efficacy in prevention of surgical site infection in clean surgery, using two different standardized methods of skin preparation: povidone-iodine 10% aqueous solution from 1.5 liter bulk bottle, versus tinted 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropyl alcohol in a single-dose applicator. To reduce the variables involved, a single-center study will enroll a homogeneous population, undergoing breast cancer surgery.
Cabotegravir (CAB) long-acting (LA) is a promising candidate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) due to its potent antiretroviral activity and infrequent dosing requirements. Currently, the CAB concentrations achieved in the anatomical sites associated with sexual HIV transmission following the proposed 600 milligram (mg) intramuscular (IM) PrEP dose are unknown. These data will enhance our understanding of CAB distribution to the anatomical mucosal tissue believed to be relevant to sexual HIV-1 transmission and supplement the data to support future PrEP clinical trial development. The primary objective is to determine the PK concentrations of CAB following LA administration in plasma and in vaginal tissue (VT), cervical tissue (CT), and cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) in healthy women and in rectal tissue (RT) and rectal fluid (RF) in healthy men and women following a single 600 mg IM dose. This will be a Phase 1, open label study in healthy subjects to assess the pharmacokinetics of CAB LA in the plasma and mucosal locations associated with sexual HIV-1 transmission: VT, CT, CVF, RT and RF. The study will consist of a screening period, a 28-day oral lead-in phase at a dose of 30 mg per day followed by a 14-42 day washout period, and a single dose of CAB LA 600 mg as an IM (intragluteal) injection with compartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling for up to 12 weeks. Subjects will return for safety assessments and plasma PK sampling at Week 24 and Week 36 post-injection and undergo a follow-up/withdrawal visit at Week 52 post-injection.
This study will assess the safety , efficacy and pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime avibactam and metronidazole versus meropenem in paediatric population (from 3 months to less than 18 years of age )with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs)