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Filter by:Introduction: Understanding how the applicability of non-invasive ventilation can directly affect the anatomy and diaphragmatic function, as well as the opening diameter of the inferior vena cava in healthy individuals is fundamental to knowing how this therapy can interfere with treatment results. Objective: Identify the acute effects of PEEP and ventilatory support pressure on thickening fraction, diaphragmatic mobility and vena cava distension in healthy people. Methods: This is a crossover, randomized study, blinded to the evaluator and the researcher responsible for the statistical analysis. Volunteers will undergo a NIV session, randomized into groups: CPAP, Bi-level and spontaneous breathing, without NIV support (control). The outcomes evaluated will be diaphragmatic ultrasound and inferior vena cava distensibility. The CPAP levels will be: 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O after 5 minutes of use and in the Bi-level group we will maintain the PEEP value at 5cmH2O and modify the pressure support values to the values: 5, 7 and 10 cmH2O pressure support, with all outcomes also being assessed after 5 minutes. Participants will remain in a supine position, with the right upper limb positioned behind the head, throughout the protocol and all measurements will be collected in the inspiratory and expiratory phases with volumes basal currents. For statistical analysis, intention-to-treat analysis will be employed and groups will be compared using Student's t-test, for continuous variables, or chi-square, for categorical variables. ANOVA split-plot, repeated measures for primary occurrences. Analyzes of covariance to identify differences between groups using baseline scores as covariates. Effect sizes and confidence intervals will be calculated using eta squared (η²). Expected results: Elucidate the effects of different blood pressure levels on diaphragmatic function and inferior vena cava distension.
ELTGOL (Slow Expiration with the Opened Glottis in the Lateral posture) is an airway clearance technique performed in the lateral decubitus position. This technique focuses on optimizing ventilation of the infralateral lung (when the subject is lying in the lateral posture) to enhance local air-liquid interaction. Previous studies on ventilation differences between the infra- and supralateral lungs were conducted on healthy, young, male subjects, without the application of thoracic or abdominal pressure. This study aimed to assess ventilation distribution in right lateral recumbency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as healthy individuals, and investigate the impact of thoracic and abdominal manual pressures during ELTGOL on ventilation distribution.
The purpose of this research study is to investigate the effects of different forms of a gentle form of electrical stimulation applied to the ear, known as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). The research team is interested in how the different forms affect comfort and tolerability, as well as how well it works.
The purpose of this study is to look at how fast commercially available supplements containing carbohydrate can get into the bloodstream. If carbohydrate, in the form of glucose, gets into the blood faster, this can provide an instant energy source and help fuel the body during exercise. We will be testing three supplements, namely Voom Pocket Rocket, SIS Go Isotonic Energy Gel, and Maurten Gel 160. Each participant will complete all three conditions, consuming one of each supplement at random per condition. The study requires participation from male runners, cyclists and triathletes who are aged between 18-35. Each visit will take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes, and three experimental visits per participant. The study will involve frequent blood sampling and the continuous monitoring of gas exchange (oxygen/carbon dioxide). Blood sampling via cannulation will be used to analyse the lactate, glucose, and insulin content of the blood. Gas exchange will measure the oxygen breathed in and carbon dioxide breathed out throughout the study. The investigators plan to carry out the study on 16 participants who will be a mix of male runners, cyclists and triathletes.
A 12-week school-based high-intensity interval training intervention, with 8 classes of year 7 students randomly allocated to either intervention or control group. The interval training sessions will last for 6 to 10 minutes and will be delivered 5 times per week. Outcome variables will be physical activity, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, bone health, executive function, mental wellbeing, and academic performance, which will be measured pre- and post-intervention and two months after the intervention has been completed.
This randomized controlled study evaluates the effectiveness of explainable AI (XAI) in improving clinicians' interpretation of Doppler ultrasound images (UA and MCA) in obstetrics. It involves 92 clinicians, randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group receives XAI feedback, aiming to enhance accuracy in ultrasound interpretation and medical decision-making. Objectives: 1. To develop an interpretable model for commonly used Doppler flows, specifically the Pulsatility Index (PI) of the umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), with the aim to provide quality feedback on Doppler spectrum images and suggest potential gate placements. 2. To test the effects of providing Explainable AI (XAI)-feedback for clinicians compared with no feedback on their accuracy in ultrasound interpretation and management.
This study was planned to evaluate the effects of xylitol-based chewing gums, sugar-free and sugared, on salivary flow and pH in young adults.
Mupirocin is an old antibiotic used topically since the 1970s. Initially used in the treatment of skin infections for its antistaphylococcal action, it is now part of the decolonization strategy for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) carriage, in association with chlorhexidine. This decolonization strategy has been recommended in France for preoperative cardiac surgery in nasal SA carriers since 2013 by the French Hospital Hygiene Society, and recommended for cardiac and orthopedic surgery in SA carriers by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2016. This strategy includes nasal decolonization using mupirocin ointment nasally (2 to 3 applications/day), a daily shower with chlorhexidine soap and + /- mouthwashes all over 5 days, often pre-operatively. As a result, mupirocin is now widely used throughout the world, all the more so as, for reasons of ease of organization, many centers use this decolonization procedure universally (i.e. without prior screening for Staphylococcus aureus carriage), thus further increasing the use of this molecule. Mupirocin administration methods are very vague, ranging from 2 to 3 applications per day and the application of "a match head", i.e. 50 mg, to 500 mg per nostril. Mupirocin is bacteriostatic at low doses, becoming bactericidal at higher concentrations; low concentrations could favor the selection of resistance, so using the most effective dosage seems essential. This lack of precision in administration is linked to an almost complete ignorance of the pharmacokinetics of mupirocin and its metabolite (monic acid) after nasal application. It therefore seems essential to conduct a pharmacokinetic study of this molecule, in order to eventually offer patients the regimen with the administration methods offering the best characteristics in terms of dosage and efficacy.
Retrospective study for development of imaging-genetics (brain imaging/genome big data) models and algorithms that are clinically explainable and have high predictive performance in brain research on pediatric developmental disorders
Individuals who engage in endurance events tend to experience higher levels of stress within the body, mind, and gut, that often lead to impairment of performance. Based on previous studies, CBD has the potential relieve gut distress, and reduce pre-race anxiety thus resulting in an improvement in sport performance. Given the current research on the use of CBD in active individuals, the aim of this pilot study is to explore the effects of CBD compared to a placebo on anxiety, GI distress and a 2-mile running performance in a moderately active population identifying as female.