View clinical trials related to Diet Modification.
Filter by:This study examine the effects of very low carbohydrate diet (in which the calories requirements are mostly from fat) to the level of systemic inflammation (measured by Glasgow Prognostic Score), serum lactate and TNF Alpha levels
Background Cancer and cardiovascular diseases combined account for more than 50% of the overall mortality burden in the USA. Accumulating evidence indicates that saturated fat intake is related to an increase, while unsaturated fat intake is related to a decrease in all-causes mortality. Thus, current US dietary guidelines recommend a shift from saturated to unsaturated fat. Objective The aim of the present study was to estimate the mortality risk reduction related to a dietary change from saturated fat to an equal amount of mono or polyunsaturated fat intake. Design The American National health and nutrition examination surveys conducted between 1999 and 2010 were linked to the 2011 national US death registry resulting in an observational prospective mortality study. Proportional hazards Cox models were used to evaluate the association between saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fat with all-cause, and cause specific mortality. Substitution analysis was conducted to estimate an iso-caloric substitution of 10% of the energy from dietary fat intake applied to the substitution of saturated fat with an equal amount of energy from mono-unsaturated or poly-unsaturated fat.
This study will test whether a digital health intervention (DASH Cloud) using smartphones can improve diet quality among women at risk for cardiovascular disease. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet has been proven to lower blood pressure, yet dissemination efforts remain poor. This study aims to use technology to improve adherence to DASH.
The primary objective of this study is to generate preliminary data on the effects of a short-term diet of either fast food or Mediterranean type diet on HDL and microbiota composition and function in healthy subjects, which includes both normal weight and overweight/obese subjects.
The Pitt Retiree Study (PRS) disseminates a novel, yet practical, diabetes prevention program among Medicare eligible adults in Western Pennsylvania. This study will provide 4, and 12 month outcome data (with a no treatment follow-up assessment at 24 months) to help determine whether a continued contact group telephone intervention is feasible and effective in enhancing health outcomes and physical functional ability in high risk adults (aged 65-80) with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors .
This research seeks to examine psychological factors that may impact relationship between incentives and health behavior engagement, specifically fruit and vegetable consumption. Additionally, it will compare the impact of two different incentive schedules on behavior engagement, one providing immediate rewards (i.e. rewards received on a daily basis) and another providing delayed rewards (i.e. rewards received at the end of the study period), with a control condition in which no rewards are offered. Study participants will provide reports of their fruit and vegetable consumption each day for three weeks, and in the two incentive conditions, they will receive small monetary rewards for their fruit and vegetable consumption. Following the three week reporting and reward period, participants will complete two additional assessments, measuring psychological constructs and behavior engagement following the cessation of rewards. The study will also examine how cognitive and anthropomorphic factors may contribute to intervention response and the effects on psychological constructs.
Type 2 diabetes represents a significant burden to both the individual and our healthcare system. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are typically prescribed one or more glucose-lowering medications, many of which have undesirable side effects (e.g., nausea, risk of cardiovascular complications, weight gain) and cost our healthcare system a lot of money. An alternative strategy to lower blood glucose is to consume a low-carbohydrate diet. However, adjusting medications after choosing to follow a low-carbohydrate diet can be difficult. Delivering a low-carbohydrate diet through pharmacists could circumvent this difficulty in medications adjustment because pharmacists are trained to adjust medications. In this study the investigators will determine whether type 2 diabetes patients can reduce medications and improve blood glucose by following a low-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet under the direction of a pharmacist.
Recently, the investigators have been screening for anti-atherogenic or pro-atherogenic amino acids (AAs) in the macrophage model system to better understand their role in atherogenesis. The findings so far suggest that specific AAs induce selective anti-atherogenic effects (glycine, alanine, leucine and cysteine) or pro-atherogenic effects (glutamate and glutamine) in macrophages. Taking together the above previous reports with the mechanisms behind macrophage foam cell formation and atherogenesis, it is possible that AAs could be anti-atherogenic or pro-atherogenic via their mechanism of action on macrophage foam cell formation. This paradigm may serve as a basis for the development of novel cardio-protective, anti-atherogenic nutritional, or therapeutic approaches, that should be studied in human trials.
The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of nutrition and exercise counseling program for reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy.
The aim of this study will be to define the bioavailability and the beneficial properties of coffee bioactive compounds. Moreover, the contribution of cocoa-based products containing coffee to the pool of circulating metabolites will be investigated with the aim of evaluating the effect of the combination of bioactives from different sources. To study the bioavailability of coffee/cocoa bioactive compounds and their effects in cardiometabolic health, the objectives will be: i) Assessing the bioavailability of the four main groups of phytochemicals in roasted coffee (methylxanthines, phenolic compounds, trigonelline, and diterpenes), its modulation by the level of consumption, and establishing the daily average concentration of coffee-derived plasma circulating metabolites; ii) Investigating the effect of different levels of coffee consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors; iii) Evaluating circulating metabolites and their putative bioactivity when substituting coffee consumption with the intake of cocoa-based products containing coffee. A 3-arm, crossover, randomized trial will be conducted. Twenty-one volunteers will be randomly assigned to consume three treatments in a random order for 1 month: 1 cup of espresso coffee/day, 3 cups of espresso coffee/day, 1 cup of espresso coffee at breakfast and 2 cocoa-based products containing coffee two times per day. The last day of the treatment subjects will refer to the ambulatory where blood and urine samples will be collected at specific time points up to 24 hours following the consumption of the testing coffee or of the cocoa-based products containing coffee. In addition to the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds, the effect of the coffee consumption on several cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, anthropometric measures, inflammatory markers, nitric oxide, blood lipids, fasting indices of glucose/insulin metabolism, DNA damage, eicosanoids, nutri-metabolomics) will be investigated. At the end of the treatment, the same protocol will be repeated, switching the allocation group.