View clinical trials related to Insulin.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is to determine whether acute bouts of sedentary behaviour (with or without breaks and/or structured physical activity) result in measurable changes in metabolic health in children and youth.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of incorporating avocados in meals on post-ingestion glycemic index, insulin response, sensations of satiety and on appetite-related gastrointestinal peptide and hormone release. Also the effect of consuming avocado containing meals on the caloric intake of participants in subsequent eating episodes will be explored. Each subject will participate in one intervention for one day, wait one or two weeks, come for another intervention, wait one or two weeks and come for a final intervention- three in total. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of six treatment sequences. Postprandial response to the control and two avocado-containing test meals will be assessed and compared using a 3 x 3 single blind cross-over design. The Subjects will be between 25 and 60 years old, female or male, with a BMI of 23 to 32, stable weight, no sports involvement, non-smoking and not dependent on caffeine. Thirty subjects will be recruited.
The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of the computer software program in providing insulin dosage recommendations. Participation in the study for 60 research subjects will last for 16-weeks and includes 3-4 clinic visits and a series of weekly telephone calls from the study team (minimum of 12 calls). Participants will be provided with weekly Study Log Sheets to record their daily blood glucose readings, insulin doses, grams of carbohydrate eaten at each meal (if they have type-1 diabetes) and any changes in their health (e.g., hypoglycemic episodes, illnesses). Participants will fax or drop off a copy of the Study Log Sheet. This information will be entered by the IDC study team into the computer software program. The IDC study team will review the information from the software and, based on the IDC's study team approval, any insulin dose changes will be communicated back to the patient by phone or fax.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of feeding frequency on glucose and insulin metabolism and substrate partitioning.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether different protein diets affects glucose and insulin metabolism and substrate partitioning.
This research study is designed to better understand post-operative complications as related to the tightness of blood sugar control. It is also hoped that we may learn that a more liberal control of your blood sugars is not inferior to the current strict glucose control. Our ultimate goal is to evaluate if there is any change in the rates of complications between the two groups. We will be comparing the current strict blood glucose control with a more liberal target for blood sugars.
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of flaxseed on atherogenic lipids, plasma inflammatory markers, and insulin sensitivity. We hypothesize that flaxseed omega-3 fatty acids will improve the lipid profile (decrease triglyceride, total and LDL-cholesterol and increase HDL-cholesterol). Flaxseed is the richest dietary source of lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Lignans are estrogens found in plant sources that behave similar to endogenous estrogens and have been associated with cardiovascular benefits due to their antioxidant activity. Therefore, we also hypothesize that flax-lignans will cause a significant decrease in LDL oxidation and in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1B, serum fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4), and serum amyloid attached to high density lipoprotein (HDL-SAA).
Impaired retinal blood flow has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Patel et al. (1992) showed that retinal blood flow increases with the level of diabetic retinopathy. Grunwald et al. (1996) reported that patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) of relatively short duration have increased retinal blood flow, even before the onset of diabetic retinopathy. On the other hand the data of Bursell et al. (1996) indicate that IDDM patients have reduced retinal blood flow, when they have normal blood glucose levels, but this study may have considerable methodological limitations. Acute elevations of blood glucose levels, however, result in an increase in retinal blood flow (Grunwald et al. 1987, Bursell et al. 1996). Based on previous experimental data the investigators hypothesize that ocular blood flow is increased in early diabetes and reduced at later stages of the disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that metabolic conditions such as hyperglycemia influence outcome parameters and thereby might have confounded results regarding ocular blood flow in diabetic retinopathy. The investigators will therefore study patients with IDDM during euglycemic conditions.
African Americans have a higher prevalence of vascular disease than Caucasians. Vascular disease can lead to heart attacks, strokes and even amputations. Insulin, a hormone which is secreted by the pancreas, affects not only glucose and fat metabolism but also vascular disease. Impairment of insulin s ability to remove glucose from the circulation is known as insulin resistance. To overcome insulin resistance the pancreas secretes extra insulin. These high levels of insulin affect circulating triglyceride levels by both promoting production of triglyceride by the liver and interfering with clearance of triglyceride from the circulation. Triglyceride in turn contributes to the development of vascular disease by causing both inflammation and hypercoagulability. Surprisingly African Americans are more insulin resistant and have a higher rate of vascular disease than Caucasians but have lower triglyceride levels. Because of the high rate of vascular diseases in African Americans, our aim is to determine if the adverse effects of triglyceride occur at a lower level in African Americans than Caucasians. To achieve this goal we will determine if there are differences in the effect of a meal on triglyceride levels and vascular function in a representative cohort of African American and Caucasian women. For this study we will enroll 96 women (48 African American and 48 Caucasian women). We are recruiting women because ethnic differences in triglyceride are even greater in women than men. We are enrolling women between the ages of 18 and 65 years. The study will involve several outpatient visits to the NIH Clinical Center. The first visit will be a screening to determine eligibility. At the second visit a test to measure insulin resistance will be performed. This test is called a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. The third visit will be for the test meal. Before and at 2, 4 and 6 hours after the meal, blood will be drawn and vascular function measured. Vascular function is determined by taking blood pressure and then measuring blood flow in the arm with ultrasound. It is possible that individual differences in diet could affect the results of the vascular study on the day of the test meal. Therefore for 7 days prior to the test meal, the NIH Clinical Center will provide to each participant all their meals in the form of either trays or meals in a box. These meals will be consistent with the typical American diet and be 33% fat, 15% protein and 52% carbohydrate. In designing these meals, the dietician will take into account individual food preferences. This study is being performed in collaboration with the Harvard School of Public Health, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Indiana University. Therefore some blood drawn during Visits 2 and 3 will be sent coded, without personal identifiers, to each institution for analyses. ...
This study, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and Penn State University, will examine how a diet high in legumes (dried beans) influences risk factors for colon cancer and polyps. Many scientists believe that colon and rectal cancers develop from polyps (tumors of the lining of the large bowel). This study will test whether a high-legume diet can reduce levels of certain factors (blood insulin, blood glucose, and markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein) that at elevated levels are known to increase the risk of colorectal polyps and colon cancer. Healthy men between 35 and 75 years of age may be eligible for this study, conducted at Penn State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. Candidates are screened with blood tests and measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure. All candidates must have had a colonoscopy within 2 years of entering the study. They may or may not have had adenomas and may or may not be insulin-resistant. Candidates must not have cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or other serious medical condition, and they must have no history of colorectal cancer, polyp removal, bowel surgery, polyposis syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease. Participants undergo the following tests and procedures: - Caloric requirement testing: The subject's resting metabolic rate is measured while fasting and in the early morning at rest to determine daily calorie requirement before beginning the study diet. A special clear plastic hood is placed over the subject's head while his breathing is measured. He can communicate with the technician at all times during the 30-minute test. - Study diet: Subjects follow two required 4-week diets with a 3-week break in between, followed by an optional third 4-week diet. Subjects eat a healthy American diet for both of the required 4-week diet periods; about 1-1/2 cups of cooked legumes, such as pinto, baked, and navy beans are added to one of the two required diets. For the third (optional) diet period, subjects are given the same 1-1/2 cups of legumes, but are allowed to lose weight. Participants are given packages with all of the food they are to consume during the three diet periods. They may add up to five caffeine-containing beverages per day and up to two alcoholic drinks per week. They must eat all of the food they are given and only the food they are given. Subjects are expected to maintain a constant body weight during the two 4-week required diets, and their caloric intake may be increased or decreased as needed to maintain their screening weight. - Weight measurements: Subjects are weighed regularly at the clinic. - Blood samples: Subjects have blood samples drawn at the mid-point of each of the two required 4-week diets and at the beginning and end of each of the three 4-week diets. - Urine and stool samples: Urine and stool samples are collected at the beginning and end of the two required 4-week diets.