View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is to learn more about how U500 regular insulin can be effectively be used to treat type 2 diabetes. Most insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes take U100 insulin, but if they require large doses (such as >150 units a day) they may experience pain at this site of injection and the absorption of the insulin is unpredictable, thereby leading to poor glucose control. To overcome these problems, doctors sometimes switch to a more concentrated form of insulin called U500 insulin. U500 is five times as concentrated as U100 insulin and therefore delivers an equivalent dose of insulin in much lesser volume. However, how to best use U-500 insulin is not certain. The investigators are not really sure how long a given dose is effective in patients who require large doses (>150 units of U100 insulin), so are not sure of how often the drug should be administered. In this study, the investigators will determine how effective two different doses of U-500 regular insulin (100 U and 200 U) are in lowering blood sugar and how long these two doses last. This information will help doctors develop better treatment plans for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease representing a major public health challenge. Indeed, overweight and obese people carry a major risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols could be used to counteract some of the mechanisms involved in the generation of insulin resistance. The model of overfeeding represents a very good study model of the metabolic complications of obesity, since it has been shown to induce a transient state of insulin resistance in the human. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of a overfeeding (+50% of daily caloric needs over 31 days) with or without polyphenols supplementation (2g/days over 31 days) on insulin sensitivity measured in the setting of a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and on post prandial partitioning of exogenous lipids after a test meal. During 31 days, the volunteers will consume chocolate bars, chips, chocolate breads and cola in addition to their usual diet and will be supplemented with 2g of grape polyphenols extract or with placebo.
The main objectives of this study are to test the hypotheses that: 1) consumption of beverages sweetened with sucrose will increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease to a greater extent than a naturally-sweetened fruit juice such as orange juice, and 2) chronic psychological stress may augment the adverse metabolic effects of sugar intake. The study intervention consists of 2-week's consumption of 25% of energy as sugar provided either as a sucrose-sweetened beverage or naturally-sweetened orange juice.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on the memory and attention of people with insulin resistance. Liraglutide is a medication that makes the body more sensitive to insulin, and therefore may allow it to manage sugar more effectively. The investigators are looking specifically at a region of the brain that is associated with memory and attention, called the hippocampus, in order to see whether treatment this treatment will change performance on memory and attention tasks. The investigators are also taking an MRI of the brain to see whether there are changes to the size and shape of the hippocampus after treatment. All subjects in this study will be 50-70 years old and have pre- diabetes. Half of all subjects will have a family history of dementia, while the other half will not.
In a recent series of studies performed by our group, we have shown that exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT) leads to an increase in insulin sensitivity in male subjects and that this improvement can be measured in all men, not just those with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the time course of this effect and explore the mechanisms involved when exposure to HBOT induces an increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Aims: 1. To determine whether the insulin sensitising effect of HBOT is apparent 24-hours after an HBO session. 2. To examine mechanisms underpinning the increase in insulin sensitivity following HBOT.
It is well known that the hormone insulin lowers blood glucose in part by acting directly on the liver and reducing hepatic glucose production. Animal studies have shown that the hormone insulin can act on the brain to indirectly lower glucose production by the liver. We aim to test whether this is true in humans by giving insulin intranasally. It has previously been shown that a nasal spray can deliver insulin directly to the brain without affecting circulating insulin concentration.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether microbiome modulation and an experimental reduction in plasma LPS concentration improve inflammation and insulin action in insulin resistant (obese and T2DM) subjects.
The purpose of this study is to determine insulin sensitivity in individuals that are lean normal glucose tolerant subjects after consumption of a normal low fat diet and after a high fat diet and to explore the effects of high fat consumption on the intestinal microbiome, and metabolic endotoxemia.( Aim 1 of the protocol, a separate record is available for Aim 2)
Current options to treat insulin resistance in diabetes are fairly limited. For this reason, novel treatments would represent a major progress. The generic drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has poorly understood effects on blood sugar metabolism. In this study, the investigators will examine the mechanisms by which this drug affects glucose metabolism and which cells are affected. Findings emanating from this project will help establish whether HCQ may be a viable treatment for disorders of glucose metabolism.
Metabolic syndrome is a condition involving elevated levels of fat in the blood, a tendency towards diabetes, hypertension, and too much fat around the abdomen (an increased waistline). Individuals with metabolic syndrome often have impaired glucose tolerance, which is a condition where blood sugar is normal when fasting (before eating), but is too high after drinking a sugary drink. This is due to an abnormality in the body's sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance), which is due in part to an inability of the muscle to take up glucose. People with metabolic syndrome have inflammation in their fat tissue and in their blood stream, and the changes in the level of inflammatory chemicals produced by cells in your fat tissues will be studied. One possible source of the inflammation may be the bacteria in the intestine. When individuals eat fatty foods, some of the bacterial products become attached to the fat in their blood and then get directed to fat tissue. The investigators wish to determine whether individuals have an excessive amount of inflammation in their fat tissues, and whether this inflammation comes from the bacteria in their intestines. To determine this, the investigators wish to treat individuals with an antibiotic that reduces the bacteria in their intestines and in their blood, and determine whether this reduces their overall level of inflammation.