View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The proposed work will investigate the effects of avocados on abdominal obesity and glycemic control among overweight/obese adults.
Recent genetic association studies have identified variants in the Peptidyl-Glycine alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase (PAM) gene that increase the risk of diabetes likely through a defect in beta-cell function. This has been followed up and supported by novel kinetic assays and cellular studies. This investigation will recall heterozygous carriers of the risk allele at rs78408340 and age, BMI and gender matched controls from the Oxford Biobank. The study will compare the incretin effect, glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), insulin, glucose levels and PAM protein activity in individuals both with and without the risk variant. The aim of the study is to gain mechanistic insight into the effect of the variant on human physiology and diabetes pathogenesis.
Butyrate is a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by bacterial fermentation of undigested starch in the gut. Butyrate carries out different effects at intestinal and extraintestinal level, including: immune regulation with anti-inflammatory effect at intestinal and systemic level and modulation of gut microbiota. Many of these effects result from an epigenetic mechanism. Shown in an animal model of obesity induced by a high fat diet (HFD), that butyrate can exercise very effective protective action against obesity through the stimulation of intestinal satiety hormones. Shown always in murine model of obesity induced by HFD, that butyrate is effective in preventing and treating obesity and insulin resistance. After 5 weeks of treatment with butyrate was observed a reduction of 10.2% of body weight, 30% of fasting glucose and 50% insulin resistance. In an animal model of metabolic syndrome with NAFLD researchers have recently demonstrated that the administration of butyrate is able to significantly reduce insulin resistance, liver damage, dyslipidaemia through a modulation of the inflammatory process. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in humans show that the oral administration of butyrate is safe and well tolerated. The peak serum levels occurs 4-6 hours after oral administration. All of these data makes plausible a possible positive effect on insulin resistance in the obese child.
The purpose of this research study is to 1) understand how some, but not all people with obesity develop obesity related conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and 2) compare the effects of 3 popular weight loss diets (Mediterranean, low-carbohydrate, or a very-low-fat plant-based diet) in people with obesity.
The aim of this study is to determine whether carnosine supplementation in overweight/obese individuals can improve insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance by decreasing sub clinical inflammation. The investigators hypothesise that carnosine supplementation will reduce type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors by lowering chronic low-grade inflammation (CLI), oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs). Aim :To determine the capacity of carnosine supplementation to decrease major risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and identify metabolic pathways involved, specifically by: 1. Reducing diabetes risk (insulin sensitivity; secretory function and glucose tolerance) 2. Improving cardiovascular risk factors (lipids; arterial (aortic) stiffness; central blood pressure (cBP); endothelial function). 3. Decreasing the CLI, oxidative stress, AGEs, and ALEs, and increase detoxification of reactive carbonyl species (RCSs).
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by presence of hepatic steatosis (fat accumulation in liver cells), either by imaging or by biopsy and absence of causes for secondary hepatic fat accumulation such as significant alcohol consumption, medications, or hereditary disorders. In the majority of patients, NAFLD is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and high cholesterol, and may lead to irreversible liver damage. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more severe form of NAFLD and is present in up to 30% of obese adults. NASH is defined by hepatic steatosis and inflammation with hepatocyte injury with or without fibrosis (hardening of the liver). The prevalence, morbidity and mortality of NAFLD is increasing, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region where there will be an estimated 300 million obese people by 2030. Weight loss is the first-line treatment for NAFLD in obese individuals, but the utility of lifestyle modification with diet and exercise is limited by difficulties in sustaining compliance and by eventual weight regain. Bariatric (weight loss) surgery produces the greatest amount of weight loss but is limited by cost, patient acceptance, and complications. The efficacy of drugs for NASH, such as vitamin E and medication to lower cholesterol and glucose, remains unclear. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analogue, is an injectable medication which has been shown to induce weight loss and lower glucose in obese adults. There is little information on the effects of GLP-1 analogues on NASH, particularly in comparison to other modalities of weight loss such as surgery. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of lifestyle modification, liraglutide and surgery, for weight loss in conjunction with reducing severity of NASH, and for insulin resistance, high cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors.
The hypothesis is that acupuncture is equally effective as metformin (both treatments combined with lifestyle management) in improving whole body glucose homeostasis in insulin resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and that both are superior to lifestyle management alone. The investigators hypothesize that acupuncture and metformin induce ovulation and improve hyperandrogenism, as well as health related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Although equally effective (acupuncture and metformin), the investigators hypothesize that acupuncture is associated with less negative side-effects. The investigators also hypothesize that these treatments have the potential to restore epigenetic and molecular alterations in target tissues (endometrial-, adipose-, and skeletal muscle tissue) and thus have the potential to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
The overall purpose of this study is to learn more about the metabolic effects of angiotensin-(1-7) in the insulin resistant state associated with obesity. Pharmacologic approaches to increase angiotensin-(1-7) levels or its actions are currently in development for treatment of metabolic-related diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes, based on findings from animal studies. It is unclear if this peptide contributes to the regulation of metabolism in humans. The investigators will test if angiotensin-(1-7) infusion can improve insulin sensitivity measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp methods in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. The investigators will also examine for changes in blood pressure and related hemodynamic and hormonal changes following angiotensin-(1-7) infusion.
The purpose of this cross-sectional comparative 2x2 trial study is to compare the degree of insulin resistance, myocardial function and selected metabolic parameters and to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms by which insulin resistance is implicated in development of chronic heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes (T2D). Investigators hypothesize that patients with heart failure will be insulin-resistant and will display metabolic abnormalities as patients with diabetes.
Obesity and metabolic disease result when energy intake consistently exceeds energy expenditure. One appealing new target for treatment is the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), an organ recently found to be functional in adult humans. Brown adipocytes selectively express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which renders the inner membrane of mitochondria leaky, thereby diverting chemical energy from ATP generation to heat production. Interest in BAT has been spurred by the recognition that in addition to classical BAT depots, other brown-fat-like cells are present in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) in animals and also in humans.These cells have structural and functional properties that resemble brown adipocytes, and they are referred to as beige or 'brite' (brown-in-white) adipocytes. Interestingly, browning of WAT can be induced in animals and humans by physiological stimuli such as cold exposure, which increases adrenergic tone, and by exercise, which selectively drives WAT browning through irisin, an exercise-induced myokine. In addition b-adrenergic drugs and other pharmacological agents,such as prostaglandins, can induce browning of white adipose tissue. More recently, one study showed that treatment of C57BL/6 mice with phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil (12 mg/kg/d) for 7 d caused 4.6-fold increase in uncoupling protein-1 expression and promoted establishment of a brown fat cell-like phenotype ("browning") of WAT in vivo. Therefore, the investigators hypothesized that sildenafil can promote browning of white adipose tissue and improves insulin sensitivity in human adults.