View clinical trials related to Body Composition.
Filter by:To study the effects of the use of a mobile application plus recommendations based on a Mediterranean diet on the intake of micronutrients from natural sources (not drugs) on health indicators, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure...), physical condition and body composition in a Spanish adult population.
The purpose of this study is to examine the physiological and psychological effects of a sprint interval and resistance training intervention on females.
People often choose certain diets to lose weight or to change their habits or lifestyle. The Dukan diet was created in the '70s and took on importance in the last decade. It is a 4 phase diet similar to the Atkins diet. However, this diet is aggressive in its first phase because it suppresses carbohydrates, the main source of external energy being saturated low-fat protein. Studies of this diet are scarce and have been limited to describing the contribution of micronutrients. In nutritional practice, it is often assumed that a popular high-protein or low-calorie ketogenic diet could cause rapid or unfavourable changes in a patient's weight and body composition. However, the effect of these diets in the short or long term on weight and on body fat, muscle mass and other components is not clear. This means that body composition has not been the main objective when analyzing the effect of a popular diet. For this reason, the meta-analyzes focus on weight change and the absence of body composition data is a limitation of the selected studies. Changes in body composition due to a popular diet should be evaluated with techniques such as DXA. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with energy restriction on weight and body composition using DXA. For this, a randomized controlled study will be used where a group will receive the diet protocol. The control group will have a normal diet, and only one oatmeal drink will be added (55 g of oats in 250 ml of water). The drink will contain 1.6 g of BetaG per serving according to FDA recommendations that correspond to the 50% BetaG required per day.
Background: Improvement in clinical care has resulted in longer life expectancy of children with intestinal failure (IF). However, recent data indicate that their body composition (BC) is abnormal with a relatively high fat mass (FM) and low fat free mass (FFM). Abnormal BC is linked to poor prognosis and increased length of hospital stay; yet BC is not assessed in pediatric clinical practice. Instead, growth charts which lack sensitivity to detect changes in BC are used. Physical activity (PA) is the most important predictor of FFM and increased PA contributes to decreased FM. Decreased PA in childhood is associated with increased FM and decreased FFM which are linked to diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the reference method for measuring BC in the clinical setting but it is expensive and not suitable for routine use. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) on the other hand is relatively inexpensive and non-invasive but needs to be validated for use in patients with IF. Objectives: 1) validate BIA against DXA as a clinical tool for monitoring changes in BC in children with IF, 2) quantify PA levels using activity counts from accelerometers and 3) assess strength. Design: 1-18 years, with IF followed by the intestinal rehabilitation program at SickKids. All subjects receiving a DXA for routine clinical monitoring are eligible. BIA and muscle strength will be measured in clinic. Demographic data and IF related factors including height, weight, PN prescription, age, diagnosis, bowel length and length of time off PN for those who have achieved enteral autonomy will be obtained. DXA measurement will be done by Diagnostic Imaging at SickKids. Patients will be fitted with an accelerometer to be worn for 7 days. Statistics: Differences between sexes will be assessed by t test. Relationship between PA and BC, and BC and muscular strength will be assessed by linear regression analysis. Agreement between DXA and BIA will be assessed using a Bland-Altman test. Significance will be set at p<0.05. Significance: This study has the potential to establish BIA as a convenient clinical tool to assess BC and provide a more accurate basis for nutritional and PA prescriptions to optimize long-term outcomes and quality of life in IF patients.
Body composition measurement is an important tool for assessing the physical condition of sick or healthy people, as well as for monitoring changes in body composition and physical performance during diet and/or training. Many people self-monitor their body composition using portable and inexpensive assessment tools, but most of them have not been tested for accuracy and precision. This study aims to assess the accuracy and precision of a new portable impedancemeter scale to measure body composition in comparison with proven techniques, such as 4-electrode electrical bioimpedance analysis and dual X-ray absorptiometry.
The objective of this study is to compare the body composition and physical performance effects of HIIT, with or without intermittent fasting intervention in active women. Fourteen active normal weight women aged 18-35 participated in the study. The effects of 2x8 weeks without (HIIT) or with (HIIT+IF) intermittent fasting caloric restriction (20% reduction in weekly energy intake) on body composition and performance (Hand-grip strength, Counter movement jump, Wingate Anaerobic 30 s Cycling Test), were compared. There were two weeks in between both phases when they did not perform the scheduled activity, so as not to alter the experimental phase.
Controlled clinical trial, randomized by strata (sex and period of the study), with 6 parallel branches to the study depending on the type of product consumed and the type of physical exercise program performed, double-blind masked for the consumption of the product and single-center.
Thirty active male and female athletes will be recruited for the study. Subjects will be examined at baseline for VO2max performance. Subjects will then be stratified and randomly divided equally (50% - 50%) into an Oceanix (supplemental) or placebo condition such that baseline VO2max match. Once randomization, subjects will be baseline tested for multiple measures of muscle force capacity, muscle soreness, immune function, and endocrine function. Upon completion of baseline testing, subjects will all complete a one-day, cross-training course in Tampa, Florida. The training course is known to be extremely vigorous and causes significant muscle damage. Subjects will then be retested for muscle function at 24, and 48 hours following the course. At 24- and 48-hours subjects will be asked to repeat a simulated time trial race. In this way, we will measure repeated race performance, recovery from intense exercise, muscle damage from exercise, and immune function during multiple races.
Exposure to vitamin D intervention in early life may have permanent effects on physiology and metabolism. Bone growth and mineralization, development of immunity, body composition and brain structure and functioning may be affected. The importance of a long-term surveillance includes follow-up of both beneficial but also harmful effects of vitamin D. Vitamin D intervention in infants (VIDI) study was conducted in 2013-2016. VIDI study was a large randomized trial that aimed to evaluate effects of two vitamin D supplemental doses of daily 10 ug and 30 ug from the age 2 weeks until 2 years on bone strength, infections, immunity, allergy, atopy and asthma, neurologic and cognitive development, and genetic regulation of mineral homeostasis. Current study is a 6 Years Follow-up (VIDI2) study of the original VIDI trial. Our focuses of interest in the follow-up are: bone strength, growth pattern, body composition, and morbidity due to infections and allergic diseases, and the development of immunity. Further, in addition to more classical associates of vitamin D, our aim is to continue to follow-up children's neurocognitive development and mental health. We will also focus on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on occurrence of molar-incisor hypomineralization, dental caries, and oral immunity.
According to the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010, 60% of woman in reproductive age are overweight or obese with detrimental consequences on women as well as offspring´s health at long term. New efforts are required to clarify how increased maternal body fat and obesity previous and during pregnancy impinge an increased cardiometabolic and obesity risk in the progeny. Nowadays it is clear that obesity in adults constitute a chronic state of sub-clinical inflammation characterized by an increased infiltration of monocytes in the adipose tissue as well as an imbalance between increased pro- (M1) and decreased anti- (M2) inflammatory macrophage polarization. Increased inflammatory markers have been found in obese children as young as 3 years of age, but if these markers are present at birth is completely unknown. Therefore, unveiling the mechanisms implicated in the capability of monocytes to differentiate into pro-inflammatory macrophages at birth would contribute to establish early markers of the potential risk to develop cardio-metabolic diseases. In this context, modulation of M1-M2 polarization seems to be crucial for the development of altered immune response, and this process would be tightly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. On the other hand, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) play a role as precursors of cellular membrane components and modifiers, and as precursors of a plethora of signaling molecules that participates in cardiovascular, metabolic and immune functions. Additionally, DHA regulates gene expression in monocytes and macrophages altering the M1/M2 polarization. The supplementation with DHA in a high risk population of pregestational obese mothers, with known low n-3 intake, would have an important impact on newborn and infant % body fat. An improvement in the n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio during pregnancy in humans could represent a primary prevention strategy to revert fetal and neonatal high body fat and a healthy immune system maturation. The hypothesis of this proposal is that neonates born from obese mothers supplemented with DHA during pregnancy show a reduction in specific markers of high-risk of obesity. These markers would be evidenced as a lower percent of body fat at birth and at 4 months of age, as well as the reversion of functional and epigenetic changes in neonatal monocytes at birth, compared to neonates from obese mothers with low DHA intake.