Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Other |
Change from baseline barriers in physical activity at 3 months |
Barriers in physical activity will be assessed using the Barriers in Physical Activity Questionnaire. The instrument contains 43 items. Each item is responded with either no (1) or yes (2). If response is yes, a follow-up response that ranges from 1 (very small) to 5 (very large) is selected. There are 8 domains, which include personal health, attitudes/beliefs towards physical activity, friends, family, fitness center built environment, policy/programs/staff, community built environment, and safety. Each domain score is calculated by summing the item responses with its respective item weight. Higher domain scores indicate greater perceived barriers to physical activity. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Other |
Change from baseline exercise self-efficacy at 3 months |
Exercise self-efficacy will be assessed using the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale. The scale contains 8 items, with response options of each item ranging from 0% (not at all confident) to 100% (highly confident). All items are summed and a mean score is calculated. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Other |
Change from baseline exercise goal-setting at 3 months |
Exercise goal-setting will be measured using the Exercise Goal-Setting Scale. The instrument contains 10 items with response options ranging from 1 (does not describe) to 5 (describes completely). A mean score is calculated. A higher mean score indicate better goal-setting and self-monitoring for exercise. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Other |
Change from baseline outcome expectations for exercise at 3 months |
Outcome expectations for exercise will be assessed using the Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale. The instrument contains 15 items, with the response options ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Three domains of outcome expectations for exercise are assessed, which include physical outcome expectations (6 items), social outcome expectations (4 items), and self-evaluative outcome expectations (5 items). Each dimension is scored by summing the item responses. Higher scores indicate higher levels of outcome expectations for exercise. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Other |
Change from baseline social support at 3 months |
Social support will be assessed using the Social Provision Scale. The instrument contains 24 items, with the response options ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). A total score is calculated by summing scores from all items. A higher score indicates a greater degree of perceived support. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Primary |
Change from baseline cardiorespiratory fitness at 3 months |
The cardiorespiratory fitness is measured using a heart rate recovery test |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Primary |
Change from baseline muscle strength at 3 months |
Muscle strength is measured with grip strength using a hand-held dynamometer. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline lower extremity function at 3 months |
Lower extremity function is assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline lower extremity function at 3 months |
Lower extremity function will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline health-related quality of life at 3 months |
Health-related quality of life is measured using the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 Health Items. The instrument is a 10-item measure with the response scores ranging from 1 (very severe) to 5 (none). Two summary scores, a global physical health score and a global mental health score, can be calculated from this scale, with each score ranging from 4 to 20. Higher scores indicate better health. The total raw score is translated into a T-score for each participant for analysis. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline social participation at 3 months |
Social participation is measured using the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities. The instrument is a 8-item measure with the response scores ranging from 1 (always) to 5 (never). The lowest possible total raw score is 8 and the highest possible score is 40. Higher scores indicate better ability to participate in social roles and activities. The total raw score is translated into a T-score for each participant for analysis. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Change from baseline physical activity at 3 months |
Physical activity is measured using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire. The questionnaire contains two questions. The first question asks participants to report weekly frequencies of activities they perform at different intensities. A total weekly leisure activity is a sum of activity scores calculated by multiplying the weekly frequencies of strenuous, moderate, and light activities by 9, 5, and 3, respectively. The second question asks participants the frequency of weekly leisure-time activities performed that are long enough to work up a sweat. |
Baseline and post 12-week intervention |
|
