View clinical trials related to Risk Behavior.
Filter by:Homelessness severely affects health and well-being and is particularly negative for youth. Between 70-95% of youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) report problem substance use and 66-89% have a mental health disorder. Youth appear to be at greater risk for living on the streets or being homeless than adults and are more vulnerable to long term consequences of homelessness. Multiple social determinants of health (SDOH) are uniquely associated with homelessness, driving substance use and adverse mental health consequences. However, limited research has identified pragmatic interventions that have a long-term ameliorating impact on the complex, multi-symptomatic issues among these youth. This study overcomes prior gaps in research through testing a multi-component comprehensive prevention intervention targeting SDOH that may affect biopsychosocial health indicators and longer-term health outcomes. In partnership with a drop-in center for YEH, youth between the ages of 14 to 24 years, will be engaged and randomly assigned to conditions using a dismantling design so that essential intervention components can be efficiently identified. In particular, youth (N = 300) will be randomly assigned to a) Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach + Services as Usual (MI/CRA + SAU, n = 80), b) Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy + Services As Usual (SBOA + SAU, n = 80), c) MI/CRA + SBOA + SAU (n = 80) or d) SAU (n=60) through the drop-in center. In order to assess the longer-term prevention effects on substance use, mental health and other outcomes, all youth will be assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24-months post-baseline. The primary goal of this study is to establish the impact of a comprehensive intervention embedded within a system that serves YEH, a community drop-in center, on youth's opioid misuse and disorder, other substance misuse and disorders, mental health diagnoses, and other targeted outcomes. This study will offer unique information on the physiological and psychological stress pathways underlying change for specific subgroups of youth along with cost estimates to inform future implementation efforts in drop-in centers around the country.
The goal of this observational study is to investigate longitudinal stress response profiles and adaptive versus non-adaptive stress responses in alcohol use disorder. The main questions the projects aims to answer are: What are the neurobehavioral underpinnings of adaptive stress responses and resilience to repeated stress exposure with regards to: - alcohol craving? - alcohol use? - their modulation by prior stress exposure, social interactions, coping strategies and individual health behavior? Participants will: - be exposed to an established experimental stress-induction protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test - be exposed to their favorite drink in a bar lab environment - be assessed using fMRI to determine their neural alcohol cue reactivity, response inhibition, and emotion processing - conduct an ambulatory phase to assess stressors, alcohol craving, substance use and details on social interactions, health behavior and coping strategies using ecological momentary assessment tools.
This study was designed as a large, randomized, controlled clinical trial in a heterogeneous population and is aimed at assessing as a primary objective whether the fasting-mimicking diet alone or in combination with the longevity diet can modify the percentage of fat mass in a cohort of subjects stratified by sex, age and body mass index. As secondary objectives, will evaluate the effects of the fasting-mimicking diet alone or in combination with the longevity diet on the general health conditions of the population. From a public health point of view, the efficacy of a food intervention such as the longevity diet and/or short periods of fasting-mimicking diet would represent proof of the results that can be achieved by a realistics, feasible and inexpensive approach. The information obtained is relevant because the nutritional intervention will be undertaken by people who live in their normal environment and who simply receive every day dietary guidelines, and support and/or boxes containing a 5 day meal program to be consumed in lieu of their normal diet once every 3 months.
PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is an effective prevention strategy in which HIV-negative individuals take antiretroviral drugs (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine - TDF/FTC) to reduce HIV acquisition. Clinical studies have shown that the TDF/FTC combination protects MSM and transgender women against HIV infection. According to the PROUD study, PrEP can decrease the risk of HIV infection among MSM by 86% (90% CI 64-96). The international community recognizes that PrEP can be an additional tool in the framework of a combination prevention package for those most at risk of contracting HIV. Data on HIV incidence among MSM and trans women are largely unknown. In Brazil, Mexico and Peru, data on the incidence of HIV among MSM and trans women are very scarce, limited to small cross-sectional studies.Current methods used to determine HIV-1 incidence have many limitations. These methods include mathematical modeling, retrospective calculations of AIDS case reports, age-based prevalence determinations, and prevalence determinations with multiple rounds of longitudinal surveys to estimate HIV incidence, which require numerous assumptions and inputs and can pose additional challenges in the era of expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increased survival of HIV-1 infected individuals. On the other hand, prospective longitudinal cohort studies of high-risk individuals can be used to estimate incidence; however, they are often labor-intensive, complex, very expensive, difficult to implement in most countries, and have recruitment biases. Laboratory methods can be unbiased and do not require complicated assumptions and case-by-case weighting. The cross-sectional use of Recent HIV Infection Tests (TRIs) based on biomarkers offers, in principle, accessible, reliable and low risk of bias options for estimating incidence.
Ecological momentary interventions (EMI), which use phones to deliver messages to reduce alcohol use and related risk behaviors during or prior to drinking events, can help to address triggers in real-time. GPS tracking can determine when individuals visit places they have previously reported drinking or triggers to drink and then EMI messages can be delivered upon arrival to prevent risky alcohol use. A mobile app has been developed that uses GPS tracking to determine when emerging adult sexual minority male and transgender (SMMTs) persons visit "risky" places and then delivers a survey asking what behaviors they engaged in while at the location. The goal of the proposed study is to use this app to enhance the Tracking and Reducing Alcohol Consumption (TRAC) intervention by delivering messages that encourage participants to employ strategies discussed during TRAC sessions when arriving at risky places. When they leave these places, they will complete a survey and breathalyzer reading in order to collect event-level self-report and biological data on alcohol use and HIV risk. If their breathalyzer result indicates alcohol use, they will receive harm reduction messaging. It is expected that combining TRAC with EMI ("TRAC-ER") will increase effectiveness by reinforcing topics discussed during these sessions, providing in-the-moment messaging to address triggers, and collecting real-time alcohol use data.
There is a risk of falls and injuries in bedridden hospitalized patients, increased in agitated or confused patients. In neurosurgery departments, brain damaged patients can present a loss of consciousness of risky behaviors and be in a state of agitation which frequently leads to their endangerment. The repercussions of this endangerment are multiple. For the patients, there may be a feeling of insecurity, with physical or chemical restraint solutions which deprive them of their freedom without a total guarantee of safety. For the caregivers, there is an emotional distress in front of this endangerment, and a professional guilt. Finally, there are economic repercussions due to the costs of complementary examinations and the lengthening of hospitalization. The objective of the present study is to determine the nature and frequency of occurrence of risk behaviours, through the observation of bedridden and agitated hospitalized patients. These risk behaviours are defined as potentially dangerous and are warning signs for the caregiver. A better understanding of these behaviours could help to better anticipate falls and injuries and to implement preventive measures more quickly.
The investigators will conduct a message-exposure experiment with nationally representative samples of smokers, dual-users (cigarettes and e-cigarettes), and young adult non-smokers (aged 18-29). Experimental messages will address the reduction of nicotine in cigarettes. Participants will also complete a follow-up survey after 2 weeks, measuring their recall of the messages and behaviors since message exposure.
The overarching aim is to develop and deploy a multidomain intervention delivered on a mobile application to help middle-aged to older adults reduce their risk for dementia by improving a set of modifiable lifestyle risk factors associated with cognitive decline/dementia. This registration concerns the Pilot Feasibility study which examines different aspects of feasibility in a small-scale randomized pilot study, before implementing an efficacy study on a larger sample. A secondary objective is to determine whether the program can result in a larger improvement on risk factors (measured with Behavioural Risk outcomes) compared to a control intervention. It is expected that persons enrolled in the Luci program show larger change in Behavioural Risk outcomes than those enrolled in the comparator condition.
The purpose of this study is to review and assess the usefulness of the Values in Perspective (VIP) program to avoid adolescent risky behaviors.
The overarching aim is to develop and deploy a multidomain intervention delivered on a mobile application to help older adults reduce their risk for dementia by improving a set of modifiable lifestyle risk factors associated with cognitive decline/dementia. The targeted domains are physical activity, diet, and cognitively stimulating activity. This registration concerns the Proof-of-concept study which will examine if individual parts of the intervention program achieve a clinically significant degree of change in the targeted behavioral risk outcomes. It is expected that following the program, at least 50% of participants will show evidence of a clinically significant degree of change in the behavioral risk outcome targeted by the intervention, when compared to baseline.