View clinical trials related to Risk Behavior.
Filter by:PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is an effective prevention strategy in which HIV-negative individuals take antiretroviral drugs (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine - TDF/FTC) to reduce HIV acquisition. Clinical studies have shown that the TDF/FTC combination protects MSM and transgender women against HIV infection. According to the PROUD study, PrEP can decrease the risk of HIV infection among MSM by 86% (90% CI 64-96). The international community recognizes that PrEP can be an additional tool in the framework of a combination prevention package for those most at risk of contracting HIV. Data on HIV incidence among MSM and trans women are largely unknown. In Brazil, Mexico and Peru, data on the incidence of HIV among MSM and trans women are very scarce, limited to small cross-sectional studies.Current methods used to determine HIV-1 incidence have many limitations. These methods include mathematical modeling, retrospective calculations of AIDS case reports, age-based prevalence determinations, and prevalence determinations with multiple rounds of longitudinal surveys to estimate HIV incidence, which require numerous assumptions and inputs and can pose additional challenges in the era of expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increased survival of HIV-1 infected individuals. On the other hand, prospective longitudinal cohort studies of high-risk individuals can be used to estimate incidence; however, they are often labor-intensive, complex, very expensive, difficult to implement in most countries, and have recruitment biases. Laboratory methods can be unbiased and do not require complicated assumptions and case-by-case weighting. The cross-sectional use of Recent HIV Infection Tests (TRIs) based on biomarkers offers, in principle, accessible, reliable and low risk of bias options for estimating incidence.
The investigators will conduct a message-exposure experiment with nationally representative samples of smokers, dual-users (cigarettes and e-cigarettes), and young adult non-smokers (aged 18-29). Experimental messages will address the reduction of nicotine in cigarettes. Participants will also complete a follow-up survey after 2 weeks, measuring their recall of the messages and behaviors since message exposure.
The overarching aim is to develop and deploy a multidomain intervention delivered on a mobile application to help middle-aged to older adults reduce their risk for dementia by improving a set of modifiable lifestyle risk factors associated with cognitive decline/dementia. This registration concerns the Pilot Feasibility study which examines different aspects of feasibility in a small-scale randomized pilot study, before implementing an efficacy study on a larger sample. A secondary objective is to determine whether the program can result in a larger improvement on risk factors (measured with Behavioural Risk outcomes) compared to a control intervention. It is expected that persons enrolled in the Luci program show larger change in Behavioural Risk outcomes than those enrolled in the comparator condition.
The overarching aim is to develop and deploy a multidomain intervention delivered on a mobile application to help older adults reduce their risk for dementia by improving a set of modifiable lifestyle risk factors associated with cognitive decline/dementia. The targeted domains are physical activity, diet, and cognitively stimulating activity. This registration concerns the Proof-of-concept study which will examine if individual parts of the intervention program achieve a clinically significant degree of change in the targeted behavioral risk outcomes. It is expected that following the program, at least 50% of participants will show evidence of a clinically significant degree of change in the behavioral risk outcome targeted by the intervention, when compared to baseline.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a Wise intervention based on self-affirmation (SA) and Implicit Theories of Personality (ITP) in Spanish adolescents and young people. Half of participants will receive the ITP and self-affirmation intervention, while the other half will receive a control intervention.
In Spain, an estimated 690,000 persons have epilepsy, of whom 270,000 have active epilepsy (defined as those who have had a seizure in the last 5 years). It is estimated that 30% of patients diagnosed with epilepsy are drug-resistant. Patients with loss of consciousness or impaired awareness during seizures are at higher risk of injury due to accidents. To prevent such injuries, it is important that patients are sufficiently knowledgeable about their disease to allow them to avoid risk behavior. In this project, we want to know if visualization of self seizures has an impact on the perception of the severity of the disease, as well as on the risky behavior habits.
Long-term aim is the definition of a setup of mobile sensors and their integration in a mobile infrastructure that allows the prediction of stress related alcohol intake in an ambulatory setting. Here, we aim to identify stress- and alcohol cue-related physiological markers in a lab experiment to assess interactions between acute psychological vs. physical stress exposure and alcohol cue-exposure regarding their effects on measures relevant for the development and maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Further, we aim to identify neural correlates in brain circuits of motivational, cognitive, and affective processing. In addition to applying established stress-related markers, we will integrate innovative sensor-based measures.
The researchers are working with a technology company, AiCure, to develop a smartphone app, DOT Diary, which combines two drug adherence strategies. DOT Diary reminds people when it is time to take their medication, and uses motion-sensing technology to visually and automatically confirm the pill was swallowed. The goal of this study is to assess the impact of the app on adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV.
Previous observational studies have reported an association between higher air pollution exposure and lower attention in children. With this project, the investigators aim to confirm this association in adolescents using an experimental design. In addition, the study will assess the relationship between air pollution exposure and individual preferences with respect to risk, time and social considerations. High school students in 3rd grade (ESO, 14-15 years of age) in different high schools in the Barcelona province (Spain) will be invited to participate. For each class in each high school, participating students will be randomly split into two equal-sized groups. Each group will be assigned to a different classroom where they will complete several activities during two hours, including an attention test (Flanker task) and a reduced version of the Global Preferences Survey. One of the classrooms will have an air purifier that will clean the air. The other classroom will have the same device but without the filters, so it will only re-circulate the air without cleaning it. Students will be masked to intervention allocation. The investigators hypothesize that students assigned to the clean air classroom will have better scores in the attention test, and that decision-making will also present differences in the two classrooms.
Prior research has shown that many individuals with substance use disorders engage in HIV/sexual risk behaviors, and could strongly benefit from HIV prevention interventions that were delivered as part of their substance abuse treatment. However, discussions about sexual risk are not occurring at an appropriate frequency in treatment settings. This project will test the effects of counselor training and coaching, combined with a brief assessment and feedback tool, on counselor-patient communication about sex and on patient sexual risk behavior.