View clinical trials related to Risk Behavior.
Filter by:The goal of this observational study is to investigate longitudinal stress response profiles and adaptive versus non-adaptive stress responses in alcohol use disorder. The main questions the projects aims to answer are: What are the neurobehavioral underpinnings of adaptive stress responses and resilience to repeated stress exposure with regards to: - alcohol craving? - alcohol use? - their modulation by prior stress exposure, social interactions, coping strategies and individual health behavior? Participants will: - be exposed to an established experimental stress-induction protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test - be exposed to their favorite drink in a bar lab environment - be assessed using fMRI to determine their neural alcohol cue reactivity, response inhibition, and emotion processing - conduct an ambulatory phase to assess stressors, alcohol craving, substance use and details on social interactions, health behavior and coping strategies using ecological momentary assessment tools.
This study was designed as a large, randomized, controlled clinical trial in a heterogeneous population and is aimed at assessing as a primary objective whether the fasting-mimicking diet alone or in combination with the longevity diet can modify the percentage of fat mass in a cohort of subjects stratified by sex, age and body mass index. As secondary objectives, will evaluate the effects of the fasting-mimicking diet alone or in combination with the longevity diet on the general health conditions of the population. From a public health point of view, the efficacy of a food intervention such as the longevity diet and/or short periods of fasting-mimicking diet would represent proof of the results that can be achieved by a realistics, feasible and inexpensive approach. The information obtained is relevant because the nutritional intervention will be undertaken by people who live in their normal environment and who simply receive every day dietary guidelines, and support and/or boxes containing a 5 day meal program to be consumed in lieu of their normal diet once every 3 months.
Steering Teens Safe (STS) is an evidence-based and parent-focused intervention developed by the investigators, which aims to improve safe teen driving practices by enhancing parental communication skills. The objective of this translation study is to assess the effect of STS on driving outcomes among teen drivers who have committed a traffic violation, and to assess the adoption and implementation fidelity of STS in a county court setting and among these high-risk teen drivers and their parents. The investigators will test the following specific aims: Aim 1: Determine the effects of the intervention on parent-teen communications and risky driving outcomes (risky driving events, unsafe driving behaviors, and recidivism) among teen drivers with a traffic violation(s). Aim 2: Assess the adoption of the intervention and implementation fidelity We will enroll 90 parent-teen dyads, comprised a teen driver (16 to 17 years) who committed a moving violation and a parent/legal guardian, from the Ohio Franklin County Juvenile Traffic Court following the teens' mandatory court hearing. Enrolled dyads will be randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study groups (n=45/group): 1) Control, device installation only with no feedback to nor communication training for parents, or 2) Intervention, device feedback to teens and parents, and parents will also receive individualized virtual communication training. The expected outcome is to establish the effectiveness of STS augmented with driving feedback technology, and to establish the implementation fidelity of STS in a court setting.
During adolescence, the most common causes of morbidity and mortality are related to risky behaviors. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that adolescents be screened for these behaviors during primary care visits, but many adolescents do not receive the recommended risk behavior screening and counseling, in part because they are infrequently seen in primary care. The objective of this study is to evaluate if the electronic health screening tool, which includes an electronic health assessment with integrated personalized feedback, reduces risk behaviors in adolescents seen in the Emergency Department (ED).
The proposed project is a research collaboration between the University of Texas at El Paso, The Alliance for Border Collaboratives and Programa Companeros to adapt, implement, and evaluate a multi-level community-based HIV prevention intervention (Project Encuentro). The intervention will target active heroin and crack users and consists of increasing access to HIV testing via a social network HIV testing component and reducing sexual and drug use risk via a peer network brief behavioral Intervention. Encuentro also consists of conducting community awareness meeting to target structural factors affecting HIV risk. The intervention was developed in an area severely affected by violence and stigma towards drug users, El Salvador, which makes it particularly suitable for adaptation to meet the needs of drug users living in the proposed intervention site, the U.S.-Mexico border. The proposed intervention site also has been severely affected by violence which has curtailed any prior attempts to reduce the risk drug users' HIV risk. Violence has worsened structural factors which affect HIV risk such as, increasing police persecution and stigma and reducing access to resources. In our proposed project, we will engage in formative research to understand the context of HIV risk of drug users in the border region post violence and adapt the intervention accordingly. Findings will allow the investigators to tailor intervention components to meet the needs of drug users in the region. Subsequently, the investigators propose to test intervention effectiveness and evaluate implementation barriers and facilitators. To accomplish project aims we will use a mixed qualitative, quantitative approach. The investigators will begin with a formative phase by conducting in-depth interviews with drug users (n = 40) living in the region to understand how the context of drug use risk changed as a result of the violence and will administer a social network survey (n = 200) to characterize the configuration of risk networks. Findings will yield the necessary information to culturally adapt the intervention to meet the needs of drug users in the region and will help the investigators focus recruitment efforts where the riskiest networks are located. After the intervention is adapted with the help of the community advisory boards and the community coalitions, the investigators will implement the intervention and will assess the effectiveness and reach via 6 cross-sectional surveys administered to drug users (n=1,200). The investigators will assess the process of implementation by conducting ethnographic field notes of all intervention activities including community engagement and Community Advisory Board and coalition meetings. The investigators will assess the fidelity and quality of the intervention. Lastly, the investigators will conduct key informant interviews with key stakeholders involved in the project and interviews and observations will be coded to reflect key systems factors related to successful implementation of intervention components in two intervention sites (El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico). Findings will be highly significant as the investigators will be conducting parallel research on the effectiveness of interventions shown to be effective in Latino drug users in two very different contexts: El Salvador and the U.S-Mexico border. Findings will elucidate implementation challenges and barriers and such information can then be used to assess the effectiveness of diverse implementation strategies in organizations working to serve the needs of Latino drug users.
The proposed project will provide data concerning dating and sexual interactions that occur on Fort Bragg, North Carolina, in addition to piloting a sexual assault prevention program through the use of social norms and bystander intervention concepts. The investigators will be able to use data and feedback gained from this research to help reduce rates of sexual assault in the military by providing a sexual assault prevention program tailored to at risk male Soldiers that can be disseminated across military posts.
Patients with co-occurring health risk behaviors suffer greater morbidity, disability, and premature death. The Pro-Change Population Health Solution (PCPHS) is a suite of mobile tools designed to assist patients and primary care providers (PCPs) in applying evidence-based principles of health behavior change to reduce four cancer risk behaviors—cigarette smoking, risky drinking, noncompliance with national guidelines for physical activity, and overweight and obesity—and depression among at-risk patients. The intervention is based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM, the "stage model") and includes computer-tailored interventions and text messages for patients and a clinical dashboard for providers. The efficacy of the intervention will be assessed in a cluster-randomized trial involving 780 patients recruited from 12 federally qualified health centers randomly assigned to intervention or usual care.