View clinical trials related to Protein-Energy Malnutrition.
Filter by:To improve the safety of diagnosis and therapy for a set of conditions and undifferentiated symptoms for hospitalized patients, the investigators will employ a set of methods and tools from the disciplines of systems engineering, human factors, quality improvement,and data analytics to thoroughly analyze the problem, design and develop potential solutions that leverage existing current technological infrastructure, and implement and evaluate the final interventions. The investigators will engage the interdisciplinary care team and patient (or their caregivers) to ensure treatment trajectories match the anticipated course for working diagnoses (or symptoms), and whether they are in line with patient and clinician expectations. The investigators will use an Interrupted time series (ITS) design to assess impact on diagnostic errors that lead to patient harm. The investigators will perform quantitative and qualitative evaluations using implementation science principles to understand if the interventions worked, and why or why not.
Dietary Protein quality is based on digestion of proteins to amino acids and the bioavailability of the amino acids to maintain good health and body function. Currently, digestibility of proteins, which is measured as the difference between protein intake and faecal loss, is underestimated. This is because, in addition to loss from dietary proteins, faecal loss includes additional protein from gut secretions and bacteria residing in the large intestine. The expert committee on protein quality suggested that a minimally invasive accurate method based on Dual Stable Isotope Tracer approach (non-radioactive) could be developed. This method is based on the concept that if amino acids in proteins become labelled with an isotopic tracer within the food matrix, their appearance in the blood gives a measure of bioavailability. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO) are promoting peas and beans to combat poverty, hunger and malnutrition because they are relatively less expensive sources of protein. We hypothesized that digestibility of protein in the common bean and absorption of amino acids is higher than current estimates. The aim of this proposal is to conduct a study in 12 healthy adults, aged 20 to 45 years, to test a novel method to assess protein quality of the common bean using the isotopic approach. The Scientific Research Council will grow the labelled beans by adding a tracer dose of deuterium to the irrigation water. The beans are prepared a typical Jamaican meal for consumption. The meal is mixed with a labelled reference protein (U-13C-spirulina) which is universally (U) labelled with stable isotope 13-Carbon (13C) to estimate digestibility; and the amino acid, phenylalanine, in which the 6 ring carbon atoms are labelled with 13C (ring-13C6- phenylalanine) to provide an index of amino acids absorption. Before and after consumption of the meal, samples of blood, breath and urine will be taken. These samples and a sample of the diet will be analysed for amino acids composition and deuterium enrichment using mass-spectrometry. The appearance of each labelled essential amino acid in blood from the bean protein will be calculated. The data will provide accurate date on amino acids bioavailability from the common bean that will be useful for dietary guideline for good health.
A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be performed in three hospitals. Patients meeting inclusion criteria will be randomly allocated to one of three enteral feeding formula with different protein content. Blood and urine test, nitrogen balance assessment and energy expenditure testing by indirect calorimetry will be performed at the beginning of nutrition regimen and at 24 hours, 72 hours and 5-7 days after initiation. The sample size for this trial is estimated as 90 participants, with approximately 30 participants in each group. The data analysis will be by intention to treat. This RCT will provide new data about the amount of protein needed to improve levels of serum protein and nitrogen balance, surrogate of protein balance, in critically ill infants receiving enteral nutrition.
In this RCT with the duration of 6 months among 264 community-dwelling older adults (65+ years) with habitual low protein intake, the investigators will examine the long term (cost) effectiveness of increasing daily protein intake to at least 1.2 gram/kg of adjusted body weight on physical functioning in older adults with low protein intake.
The study will be performed in two parts: 1) The pharmacokinetic (PK) part and 2) The appetite and nutritional evaluation part. The PK part of study will be conducted in open label manner on 10 end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) treatment. For the PK part, a starting dose of cannabis oil -1 drop of 3% cannabis oil once a day [each drop contain 1.2 mg CBD (cannabidiol) and 1.2 mg of ∆9-THC (∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol)], was judged to be safe for a first-in-MHD patient's administration. Escalation to the next higher dose and any dose adjustments of the next dose levels will be based on safety and tolerability results of the previously administered dose and available PK data of previous dose groups. Once the first dosage proved to be safe, there will be a 2 fold increase from the first dose level (2 drops once a day) to the second dose level. The dose levels will be increased by 2-fold from the previous dose level, until basal hunger and prospective consumption ratings assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) will increase at least by 10 mm between screening and the study visits (change-from-baseline) . PK parameters will be evaluated after first dosage administration and after dosage increased. The appetite and nutritional evaluation part of study will be conducted as a 3-month, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, single center study. The study population will include 30 ESKD patients receiving MHD treatment with different degrees of protein-energy wasting (PEW) defined as malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) above 6. A total of 30 subjects will be randomized to treatment with either cannabis oil or matching placebo.
This study is the secondary phase of Taiwan Prediction Model Project Plan (TPMPP). The investigators try to design a prospective randomized control trial with nutrition intervention to validate 3 prediction models the investigators developed in the first phase. Proper validation of these models is mandatory before they can be applied and implemented into daily clinical practice. At present, around 20 centers with estimated around 550-650 high-risk patients will be enrolled with 1:1 ratio in study and control groups. Following up of parameters about primary and secondary outcomes will be done in both groups. But a pre-designed intervention protocol, which is according to 3 elucidated screening methods, will be applied only to the study group. The total study period will be one year.
The role of nutritional therapy (TN) in the surgical patient is well described in the literature and is associated with reductions in postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Adequate determination of caloric and protein requirements is an essential step in the TN institution, avoiding hypoalimentation and hyperalimentation. Thus, it is essential to understand the changes in energy expenditure after surgery and its relation with nutritional status. In addition, little is known about the effect of nutritional therapy and caloric adequacy on parameters such as phase angle and dynamometry. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in energy expenditure after major abdominal surgeries and to evaluate the phase angle and dynamometry as possible markers of nutritional therapy. Energy expenditure will be assessed by indirect calorimetry. Functionality will be assessed by means of dynamometry and 6-minute walk test. Nutritional diagnosis will be given through subjective global assessment. Energy and protein intake will be monitored and registered daily. Phase angle will be obtained by performing bioelectrical impedance.
Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, and manifests as fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. In Singapore, despite the relatively low prevalence of overweight and obesity, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is disproportionately high and is expected to double in the near future. This indicates that insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction are widely prevalent even among individuals who are not overweight or obese. Still, weight loss induced by a variety of ways (calorie restriction, exercise, surgery, etc.) is considered the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. This underscores the importance of negative energy balance in improving metabolic function. In fact, negative energy balance induced by calorie restriction can improve metabolic function acutely, i.e. within 1-2 days and before any weight loss occurs. Likewise, negative energy balance induced by a single session of aerobic exercise improves metabolic function over the next few days. However, the magnitude of negative energy balance that needs to be achieved in order to improve metabolic function, as well as possible dose-response relationships, are not known. Furthermore, the comparative efficacy of calorie restriction vs. exercise in improving metabolic function has never been directly assessed. Accordingly, a better understanding of the effects of acute negative energy balance induced by calorie restriction or aerobic exercise on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function will have important implications for public health, by facilitating the design of effective lifestyle (diet and physical activity) interventions to prevent or treat type 2 diabetes. To test these hypotheses, whole-body insulin sensitivity, the acute insulin response to glucose, and the disposition index (i.e. beta-cell function), will be determined the morning after a single day of progressively increasing negative energy balance (equivalent to 20% or 40% of total daily energy needs for weight maintenance) induced by calorie restriction or aerobic exercise. Results from this project are expected to result in the better understanding of the effects of negative energy balance induced by diet and exercise on metabolic function. Therefore, this project may help in the design of effective lifestyle intervention programs for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
The most common symptom displayed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a pronounced sense of fatigue that can have negative effect on functional ability and quality of life (QOL). An important goal of researchers and clinicians involves improving the QOL of individuals with MS, and the exercise therapy represents potentially modifiable behavior that positively impacts on pathogenesis of MS and thus the QOL. However, the main barrier for its application is low motivational level that MS patients experience due to fatigue with adjacent reduced exercise tolerability and mobility, and muscle weakness. Getting individuals with MS motivated to engage in continuous physical activity may be particularly difficult and challenging, especially those with severe disability or Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS 6-8). Till now, researchers have focused their attention mainly on the moderate or vigorous intensity of exercise and on cardiorespiratory training in MS patients to achieve improvements in daily life quality, less indicating the exercise content, and most importantly, breathing exercises. In addition, it is investigators intention to make exercise for MS patients more applicable and accessible, motivational and easier, but most important, productive. Investigators think that MS patients experience more stress with aerobic exercise or moderate to high intensity programme exercise, and can hardly keep continuum including endurance exercise, or treadmill. Hypothesis: Investigators hypothesis is that 4-weeks of continuous low demanding or mild exercise programme with specific content and an accent on breathing exercise can attenuate primary fatigue in MS patients, especially in those with more severe disability or EDSS from 6-8, and provide maintenance of exercise motivation. Investigators also propose that important assistant factor for final goal achievement is social and mental support of the exercise group (EDSS from 0-8) led by a physiotherapist. This will help to maintain exercise motivation and finally make better psychophysical functioning, and thus better QOL.
This open-label field trial evaluates the effects of treatment with a multi-pathway dietary supplement (Stem Cell 100+) that has been commercially available for several years. The objective of the intervention trial is to determine if normal subjects over 35 years of age experience any observable health benefits from the dietary supplement as to their blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cholesterol, lung capacity, stress levels, or self reported changes in markers of overall health and life expectancy.