View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:This research is to investigate the nutritional supplement chromium picolinate. A large number of people use chromium picolinate from health food stores to improve the function of the hormone insulin. The investigators are testing how effective this supplement is and are also monitoring its safety. In patients with diabetes, chromium has been shown to increase sensitivity to the hormone insulin. Since obesity can cause insensitivity or resistance to insulin, the investigators are studying obese individuals with documented insulin resistance. The investigators would like to know if chromium is also effective in treating the insulin resistance associated with obesity.
SYSDIET (Systems biology in controlled dietary interventions and cohort studies) is one of the three centres in the NCoE Food, Nutrition and Health, 2007-2011. It consists of 12 partners from five Nordic countries working on multidisciplinary fields of science related to nutritional biology. The main objective of SYSDIET is to reveal mechanisms by which Nordic foods and diets could be modified to promote health and prevent insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, all of which being connected to metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the aim is to build up a Nordic platform for cohort studies and carefully conducted multi-centre dietary intervention studies, where novel nutritional systems biology tools can be applied besides human studies also in animal and cell culture studies. In order to achieve the main objective a Nordic multi-centre randomized controlled human intervention study is being conducted in 2009-2010 in 6-8 centres of SYSDIET consortium. Health of the Nordic populations has substantially improved during the last 30 years. This is due e.g. to marked decline in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, during the last 10-20 years increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyle have resulted in an increase of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Having this background, the aim of the SYSDIET consortium is to carry out a controlled, randomized dietary intervention study in persons with features of metabolic syndrome to find out the effects of a healthy Nordic food on major abnormalities in metabolic syndrome. Altogether 167 persons aged 30 to 65 years were recruited from 6-8 centers (40-60 subjects/center) of the SYSDIET cohort. The main inclusion criterion is BMI 27-38 kg/m2. The subjects should also have at least two other IDF criteria for metabolic syndrome. Recruited persons will start the study by following their conventional diet for one month as a run-in period. After that subjects will be randomly assigned into Experimental- or Control-diet-group for 6 months. Experimental diet is rich in whole grain products, berries, fruits, vegetables and fish, and its fat intake is modified according to current Nordic recommendations. Control diet is based on the current information of the mean dietary intake and food consumption. The diets will be realized according to eating habits in each Nordic country.
The objectives of this study are to evaluate the safety and tolerance of 20 mg (10 mg BID) of HE3286 when administered orally over 28 days to obese insulin-resistant adult subjects and, to assess the activity of HE3286 on insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose production in obese insulin-resistant adult subjects.
The investigators wish to determine whether a short period of exercise training (5-10 days) improves the metabolic and cardiovascular response of people with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes to eating a meal. In healthy people, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases after eating a meal, and this helps to regulate blood sugar levels by delivering blood sugar to muscles where it can be stored or metabolized. In people with or at risk of type 2 diabetes, blood flow does not increase as much after eating a meal, and this may contribute to elevated blood sugar concentrations observed in these individuals. The investigators wish to determine whether exercise can improve this response.
Chronic stress has been proposed to be involved the development of western life-style diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). At the same time chronic stress is also believed to cause psychiatric disease such as melancholic depression (MD)and anxiety disorders. Accordingly, humans born with low birth weight (LBW) (ei. less than 5,0 LB) display an increased risk for T2DM and MD. Studies suggest stress and adrenal stress hormones (glucocorticoids) (GCC) might be involved in the development of both of these conditions. Recent studies of animals born LBW suggest, that SSRI-compounds, usually employed in the treatment of MD-related diseases, reduces stress-responses and levels of stress hormones such adrenal steroids and at the same time has a positive influence on glucose metabolism. In present study, the investigators aim to measure levels of GCC and stress and assess glucose metabolism in healthy young men (20-35 years) born LBW (40 subjects). The volume and structure of a certain brain area (ie. hippocampus) involved in regulation of adrenal GCC and known to be malfunctioning in chronically stressed individuals will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further metabolic examination will be accompanied by MRI spectroscopy of liver and muscle fat content as well as total fat content (Dexa-scanning) and contents of fat in the abdomen (by MRI) . Psychiatric well-ness and symptoms will be characterized by well-established questionnaires such as MDI and SCL-92 and responses as regards blood pressure, heart rate and changes in basal plasma concentrations of GCC and Epinephrine will be assessed while performing a Stroop Stress Test. Finally, a 24 hour blood pressure profile test will be included. After this extensive examination program, subjects will be randomized to 3-4 months of treatment with either Escitalopram (an SSRI-compound) or Placebo. Subsequently, at the end of the treatment, the whole examination program will be repeated to detect potential beneficial changes. A group of young normal birth weight men (20 subjects) will serve as a healthy baseline group for comparison and will not be exposed to any medical treatment. This trial will add understanding to the mechanism underlying the development of type 2 diabetes and depression in LBW. Additionally, present trial might be capable of proposing a novel treatment strategy to prevent the development of these diseases in LBW man.
Primary objective: - To identify a biomarker or biomarker-set for the adverse metabolic effects of various doses of prednisolone treatment. Secondary objectives: - To describe the PK of prednisolone and PD of a series of biomarkers. - To identify biomarkers that reflect side effects of prednisolone. - To elucidate part of the mechanisms by which prednisolone induces metabolic changes.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which physical inactivity and obesity alter skeletal muscle insulin signaling to cause insulin resistance and increase the development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
The study is designed to test the following primary hypothesis: - Aerobic exercise training will improve insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant subjects through changes in the major cellular signaling pathways and and/or their regulators. Accordingly, the proposed study is designed to accomplish the following specific aims: - Quantitate how exercise training improves insulin sensitivity and decreases cardiovascular risk factors in a general population of lean, nondiabetic, insulin resistant subjects. Effects on known cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure and serum lipoproteins will be evaluated. Change in regional adiposity will also be measured - Determine the effects of a program of regular aerobic exercise on in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Biopsies of vastus lateralis muscle from insulin resistant subjects will be obtained before and after a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. This procedure will take place in the untrained state and after exercise training. The investigators will measure changes in the insulin receptor and the activity of the major components of the intracellular insulin signaling pathway. The investigators will also look intracellular proteins that regulate this signaling pathway.
Purple Sweet Potato juice (PSP-juice) is a juice based on purple-fleshed sweet potato concentrate, containing a high level of anthocyanins. Purple-fleshed sweet potatoes have attracted attention to industry and scientists due to multiple physiological functions such as radical-scavenging, ACE-inhibitory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro, and also hepato-protective, antihypertensive and antihyperglycemic effects in vivo. Previous studies in Japanese subjects showed potential beneficial effects of PSP beverages on liver function and blood pressure in volunteers with impaired hepatic function and/or hypertension. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of PSP-juice on liver enzymes and blood pressure. The secondary objective is to examine the effects of PSP-juice juice on insulin resistance.
People with diabetes are at increased risk for atherosclerosis and have high CVD morbidity and mortality rates. Tools for detecting and quantifying atherosclerotic pro/regression in people with diabetes and other CVD risk factors lack sensitivity and specificity for molecular level events that occur during the early stages of atherogenesis. Inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the vessel endothelium is an early, molecular level proatherogenic event. Activated macrophages consume glucose at a high rate. Novel in vivo radiotracer PET/CT techniques have been developed to detect, image and quantify molecular level events like macrophage inflammation and glucose utilization (18FDG) in human vessels. We propose to develop and test this novel technique in the Center for Clinical Imaging Research (CCIR) at WUMS. We propose that HIV-infected people with significant CVD risk profiles are a suitable, unique human model for testing these novel imaging techniques. HIV-infected people taking anti-HIV medications develop insulin resistance, T2DM, dyslipidemia, central adiposity, and hypertension. HIV replicates in macrophages and represents a chronic proinflammatory condition. Recent data indicate that HIV+ CVD risk have greater risk for atherosclerosis and MI than HIV-negative people. To test feasibility, we hypothesize that: a.18FDG-PET/CT imaging will detect more macrophage glucose uptake and inflammation in the carotid and aorta arteries of HIV-infected people with CVD risk than in HIV-negative controls; b. radiotracer PET/CT measures of proatherogenic processes will correlate with carotid intima media thickness; a standard measure of carotid atherosclerotic burden. We propose to obtain pilot data that shows feasibility for a novel analytical approach that will expand capabilities for researchers interested in studying the links between diabetes, inflammation, and CVD in humans.