View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The effect of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) or inactivity on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism is unclear. Research recently published shows that activities associated with everyday activities, summarized as NEAT, such as walking and standing, have a much greater role in energy expenditure than exercise. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of 4 days of inactivity (mainly sitting), 4 days of everyday activities (sitting, walking and standing), and 4 days of inactivity and exercise (sitting and biking) on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity using an oral glucose tolerance test, and on lipid metabolism in sedentary, overweight people. The investigators hypothesize that: 1. 4 days of everyday activities (NEAT) will cause an increased glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity compared to 4 days of inactivity in sedentary, overweight people. 2. 4 days of exercise will improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity more than 4 days of NEAT with equal energy expenditure, in sedentary, overweight people. 3. Fasting triglyceride will have the same course as glucose, mentioned in 1. and 2.
Obesity and insulin resistance may be in part explained by an altered reward system with changes in the serotonin/dopamine system. These changes might be caused by changes in dietary habits, especially by an increased intake of liquid sugar and an increase in meal frequency. The investigators hypothesize that increasing meal frequency compared to increasing meal size and when consuming a hypercaloric high-sugar diet (HS) compared to a hypercaloric high-fat-high-sugar diet (HFHS) will result in a reduction in cerebral serotonin and dopamine transporters and in a more prominent increase in insulin resistance. In addition, the investigators hypothesize that the changes in insulin sensitivity will be independent of changes in abdominal (visceral) and liver fat and that changes in insulin sensitivity due to the dietary manipulation will co-occur with changes in insulin signaling pathways in peripheral fat and muscle tissue.
Hypomagnesemia is common in renal transplant recipients and is mainly because of enhanced renal magnesium wasting, caused by immunosuppressive drugs (calcineurin inhibitors). Glucose metabolism disorders, including insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion, are also prevalent post-transplantation and often precede the development of diabetes. As magnesium supplementation has been demonstrated to increase insulin sensitivity in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, its potential therapeutic supplementation (post-transplantation) deserves further examination. The hypothesis is that magnesium supplementation in renal transplant recipients exerts a beneficial effect on insulin resistance and/or secretion.
The purpose of the study is to determine if a low glycemic load diet reduces the gain of body fat and insulin resistance during the last half of pregnancy in obese women.
The Insulin Sensitivity using Aerobic Interval Conditioning (ISAIC) trial will compare traditional aerobic training (AER) to interval training (INT) in sedentary, overweight/obese men at risk for pre-diabetes. The investigators will randomly assign 42 individuals to 3 months of monitored exercise using a randomly assisgned design where participants will exercise under either AER or INT training conditions. The AER training condition will be consistent with "standard-of-care" recommendations. Exercise training will entail one 3-month blocks of either AER or INT. Training will consist of 1) a 1-month ramp up period, 2) 1-month of traditional aerobic training and 3) 1-month of either continued AER or INT.
Aims and priorities of the project The purpose of this study is to 1. test the effect of frequency of meals (six vs. two meals daily with the same daily caloric restriction of -500 kcal/day) on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and hepatic fat content. 2. characterize some of the mechanisms of action of different frequencies of meals (amount of visceral fat, hepatic fat content, serum concentrations of adipokines, gut hormones, oxidation stress markers). 3. test the ability of the participants to maintain hypocaloric diet on both regimens when educated and left to prepare their meals alone in comparison with those for whom all meals during the study will be provided. It will be a randomized, crossover study, where 50 individuals with type 2 diabetes will change in a random order two regimens: six, and two meals a day. Each testing period will take three months. Glucose and lipid metabolism and its regulation will be thoroughly tested at start, and after each 3-months-period (meal test, hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp, indirect calorimetry, MRI scan of the liver, DXA scan, serum concentration determination of selected adipokines, gut hormones, and oxidation stress markers). Hypothesis The investigators hypothesize that low plasma insulin levels (as achieved by periods of fasting) will reduce insulin resistance and hepatic lipid content. In contrast, frequent meals (and consequent higher plasma levels of insulin) will predispose to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. The investigators further hypothesize that the participants will increase their caloric intake with increased meal frequency (in spite of thorough education) when left to prepare their meals in comparison with those for whom all meals will be provided.
Interactions between genes and environment, i.e. our inherited responses to environmental changes, may be crucial in the development of the common diseases. The investigators were the first to identify PPARG gene as risk gene for type 2 diabetes. The role of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in diabetes risk has also been verified in meta-analysis. However, this effect on seems to depend on intervention and age. In this study the effects of diets high with saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are compared in subjects carrying either Pro12Pro or Ala12Ala genotype of the PPARG gene. Aim of the study: To test if subjects with Pro12Pro and Ala12Ala genotypes respond differentially to a diet supplemented with high saturated (SAFA) or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA). Hypotheses: 1. Specific: Subjects with the Ala12Ala genotype will be more sensitive to dietary modification, and therefore respond more favorably to PUFA diet 2. More general: Dietary instructions individually tailored according to the genotype would allow better treatment of obesity and diabetes
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy on insulin sensitivity of GFT505 at 80mg/d in male patients with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. Evaluation will be made using a glucose clamp technique.
Healthy subjects with low Vitamin D levels will be randomly assigned to either Vitamin D replacement or placebo for a period of 8 weeks. Insulin sensitivity will be measured before and after the intervention, and the changes will be compared between the two groups. This will help us understand if Vitamin D replacement improves insulin sensitivity. Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 levels will also be measured to see if changes in insulin sensitivity are mediated by RBP4.
1. Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, in whom it is partly attributable to a higher prevalence of dysmetabolism. Currently, few treatments are available with a proven effect on dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and inflammation in this patient group. 2. Study design: Randomized, cross-over trial. 3. Settings and Participants: Prevalent PD patients (＞20 years old, s-triglycerides ＞1.8 mmol/L) who had never received glitazones were enrolled. 4. Interventions: Participants were randomized to receive either oral pioglitazone (PIO; 15 mg once daily) and no pioglitazone, both for 12 weeks and in random order, with a four-week wash out in between. 5. Outcomes and measurements: The primary endpoint was change of serum triglyceride (TG) level during the PIO as compared to no PIO. Secondary endpoints included changes in other lipid levels, HOMA-IR, adipocytokines and CRP. Outcome effects were assessed using a GLM.