View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:There is a current debate whether impaired insulin-mediated microvascular perfusion limits the delivery of hormones and nutrients to muscle and whether short term FFA elevation affects transcapillary transport of insulin and glucose thereby representing a rate-controlling step for insulin-stimulated muscular glucose disposal in humans. To address these questions, the investigators determined the changes of interstitial glucose and insulin in skeletal muscle of healthy volunteers during intravenous administration of triglycerides or glycerol under physiologic and supraphysiologic hyperinsulinemic conditions.
Insulin has a direct effect on the energy metabolism of the brain under basal conditions and has an effect on the hepatic glucose production, lipid metabolism and the secretion of various hormone. The effect of intranasal insulin on peripheral metabolism in humans supposedly is mediated by the vagus nerve. The purpose of this study is to determine whether central insulin influences the human peripheral insulin sensitivity of liver and muscle and whether vagus nerve stimulation can mimick this effect.
Diet and nutrition play an essential role in the development and the clinical expression of the most common health problems. Overeating and obesity induce oxidative stress, which has been proposed to be a pathogenic mechanism leading to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated cardiovascular complications. The main objective of the proposed research is to evaluate the beneficial effects of polyphenolic compounds derived from red grape marc extracts on the cascade of events leading from overeating to oxidative stress and insulin resistance. For that, we will study free radicals production, inflammatory markers, adipokines, mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity and energy substrate utilization in healthy volunteers at risk for insulin resistance and T2D (1st degree relatives of T2D patients with associated overweight). These volunteers will be randomized between a placebo and a polyphenol group for 9 weeks. The demonstration of the beneficial effects of polyphenols will be sensitized by high-fructose feeding for the last 6 days of the protocol.
Birth control pills are the most commonly used method of birth control. The purpose of this research study is to examine whether birth control pills change heart disease risk and how the body handles blood sugar when given to different women.
Type 2 diabetes is tightly associated with overweight and obesity. Inflammatory processes are crucial triggers for insulin resistance that paves the way to type 2 diabetes. In a previous study the investigators have shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diminish adipose tissue inflammation in morbidly obese non-diabetic subjects. in this observational study the investigators will apply n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as addition to a protein-enriched diet with low glycemic index to overweight and obese patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes and manifest type 2 diabetes over up to 6 months. Primary efficacy parameters are changes from baseline in HbA1c and body weight for for type 2 diabetes and all other patients, respectively.
Insulin resistance is often complicated with hypertension. AGE and inflammation play important roles in insulin resistance. Some studies reported that pioglitazone, insulin sensitizer, is effective for patients with insulin resistance, however, the mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on AGE, inflammatory cytokines and cardiac markers (BNP and echo) in hypertensive patients during oral glucose tolerance test.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of beta-cell dysfunction among participants with type 2 diabetes and the association between beta-cell dysfunction and demographic, clinical, and treatment variables.
This study aims at assessing the effect of standardized dietary fat load and short-term aerobic exercise on systemic lipolysis, flexibility and partitioning of ectopic fat stores (intramyocellular = IMCL, intrahepatocellular = IHCL, intramyocardial lipids = IMCaL) in relation to FFA in endurance trained athletes and hypopituitary patients compared to sedentary healthy control subjects. Exercise is a powerful stimulation for growth hormone (GH) secretion in health. A standardised exercise test can, therefore, be discriminative for the diagnosis of GH-deficiency in adults. This will be assessed. Hypothesis (ectopic fat stores) 1. Ectopic fats stores are flexible fuel stores and are influenced by diet and physical activity.FFA availability may play an important regulatory role. 2. There is a tissue specific partitioning of triglycerides and/or FFA among non-adipose organs after fat load and physical exercise 3. The flexibility of ectopic fat stores is related to insulin sensitivity 4. Lipolytic and anti-lipolytic hormones are critical for regulating FFA availability (at rest or during exercise) and therefore also for the regulation of ectopic fat stores. 5. GH is a lipolytica hormone. Lack of GH in adulthood is related to decreased FFA availability thereby influencing ectopic lipid stores Hypothesis diagnosis of GHD 6. A short intensive physical exercise shows a good discriminative power to diagnose GHD.
Insulin is crucial to help the body metabolize ('burn') sugar (glucose). Even though juvenile (type 1) diabetes (T1D) is primarily due to the lack of insulin, patients with T1D tend to become less sensitive to insulin, particularly during adolescence. The overall objective of this project is to gain further insight into the possible benefits of supplementation with glutamine (GLN), a natural dietary amino acid, enhancing insulin sensitivity in adolescents with T1D. To elucidate the impact of glutamine, the investigators will use a method called the 'euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp': it consists of giving an IV drip of insulin, while the drop in blood sugar is prevented by giving variable, precisely measured amounts of glucose by vein: the amount of glucose required to prevent a drop in blood sugar reflects the body's sensitivity to insulin. The investigators will also give an IV drip of glucose and arginine (a building block of protein) 'tagged' with non-radioactive isotopes to better understand how glutamine may work. This procedure will be performed in 2 groups of 10 adolescents in the morning either after a strenuous exercise performed the previous afternoon (group 1; n=10), or after a sedentary day (group 2; n=10). Each subject will be studied twice, once after taking oral GLN, once after placebo, in separate clinical research center (CRC) admissions a few weeks apart, in random order. Should the investigators hypothesis prove to be true, it would warrant long term studies to determine whether sustained dietary GLN supplementation can decrease insulin requirements and ultimately improve diabetes control in teenagers with T1DM, If successful, this approach could potentially have a significant positive impact in terms of adolescent health.
Rationale: The investigators hypothesize that a change in dietary fat quality (an increase in unsaturated fatty acids) may modulate fuel partitioning within the type 2 diabetic muscle towards less accumulation of lipid metabolites and an improved insulin sensitivity. Objective: 1. The contribution of dietary vs endogenous fat sources to lipid overflow in the circulation and to skeletal muscle lipid uptake and storage in obese insulin resistant subjects vs obese insulin sensitive controls. 2. The acute effect of meals with various fatty acid composition ((high saturated (SFA) vs polyunsaturated (PUFA) vs monounsaturated (MUFA)) on skeletal muscle lipid uptake and storage, fatty acid mediated gene expression and postprandial insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant subjects. Study design: single-blind randomized cross-over trial Study population: obese males (35-70 years) with or without insulin resistance Intervention: 1. 1 test meal 2. 3 test meals with a different fatty acid composition Main study parameters/endpoints: More insight whether dietary fat quality may modulate circulating lipids and skeletal muscle fatty acids handling, and may affect oxidative capacity and lipid storage in parallel to an increased insulin sensitivity.