View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Muscle atrophy and insulin resistance are common after bed rest in healthy older adults. Metformin treatment has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and attenuate muscle loss in insulin resistance adults though the mechanisms are not fully known. Metformin used as a preventive strategy to maintain muscle and metabolic health in bed ridden older adults has not been investigated.
This study aims to ascertain the potential of novel milk derived hydrolysates to improve glycaemic control to promote metabolic health. A comprehensive characterisation of the metabolic response to these milk derived hydrolysates will ascertain the effect of the hydrolysates in terms of insulin sensitivity. These hydrolysates have been shown to improve insulin resistance in cell and animal models. Therefore the investigators aim is to test their efficacy in overweight, insulin resistant individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
The most important objective of this randomized controlled trial in subjects with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors is to investigate whether only reduced daily sitting improves human cardiovascular and metabolic health during a six-month intervention. It is hypothesized and expected that only reduced sitting, without formal physical activity or exercise training, affects favorably cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Investigation of possible changes in insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers taking the following HIV treatment combinations: F/TAF (group 1) as compared to E/C/F/TAF (group 2) as compared to R/F/TAF (group 3). The measurement of insulin sensitivity will be performed in 30 HIV-negative healthy non-obese (BMI 18-25) male volunteers before and after 14±2 days of treatment. The volunteers will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups. Changes in insulin sensitivity will be measured by golden standard hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEGC) technique, using glucose and insulin infusion as diagnostic agents
Hormonal and metabolic changes because of postmenopause increase body weight, central abdominal fat, alter lipid profile and insulin resistance, those factors increase the risk up to 60% to develop metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Because there is no efficient antioxidant therapy in postmenopausal women, this study proposes a therapy with resveratrol and vitamin C to increase the total antioxidant capacity; as well as to decrease insulin resistance and in consequence decreased the risk of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease
The purpose of this study is to assess the early longitudinal metabolic effects including insulin sensitivity in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children; as well as to determine differences in the effects of neonatal zidovudine (AZT) vs. nevirapine (NVP) prophylaxis on early longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity in the first 3 years of life.
The primary objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of an intervention with high-intensity interval, low volume training (HIIT-LV) or continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) on insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity and percentage of pancreatic β-cell function in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS). The secondary objective is to compare the efficacy of an intervention with HIIT-LV or CAE on glycosylated hemoglobin, mass and muscle fibre type composition of right thigh and plasma levels of musclin and apelin in adults with MS. The investigators hypothesized that HIIT-LV is more effective in decreasing insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma concentrations of musclin and increasing plasma concentrations of apelin, and both mass and muscle fibre type I percentage in thigh, than CAE.
50-70% of adolescents gain too much weight during pregnancy, and this excess gain significantly increases their risk of high postpartum weight retention and long-term obesity. In this randomized controlled pilot study, the investigators are evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a relatively brief interpersonal psychotherapy program for reducing excess gestational weight gain during adolescent pregnancy. Compared to treatment-as-usual prenatal care delivered in an adolescent maternity clinic, the investigators will estimate the added benefit of an interpersonal psychotherapy program's effectiveness for reducing excess gestational weight gain, improving maternal postpartum insulin sensitivity, and decreasing maternal and infant adiposity.
There is a growing health burden in Sweden and Europe arising from the interrelated sequelae of metabolic disorders comprising impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), obesity and T2DM. Obesity and inactivity are the main drivers of IGT and T2DM and are responsible for up to 8% of health costs and 13% of deaths in Europe, with the risk of co-morbidities rising in parallel with increasing body weight. IGT and T2DM are the paradigm of inactivity-related disorders: the majority of people who have IGT or T2DM are overweight and inactive, with up to 80% being obese. A recent meta-analysis of 42 studies concluded that sedentary time was independently associated with a greater risk of T2D, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, and cancer incidence and mortality (breast, colon, colorectal, endometrial and epithelial ovarian cancers) (Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:123-32). A recent systematic review of trials published up to April 2014 identified 16 separate studies and concluded that there is considerable evidence of the positive effects of breaking up prolonged sitting time with light-intensity ambulatory physical activity and standing on postprandial metabolic parameters, including glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels (Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015:47:2053-61). However, to date, all of the published experimental trials describing the beneficial effects of breaking up sitting time on metabolic risk markers have been restricted to acute exposure periods (1-5 days). We will perform a RCT intervention study, which examines the efficacy (clinically relevant responses) and practical implementation of low-impact training in sedentary obese individuals during the day.
The rationale for the proposed research is that elucidating changes in localized diacylglycerol (DAG) and sphingolipid species that predict insulin sensitivity will reveal specific localized lipids to target in therapeutics for type 2 diabetes. To attain the overall objective, the investigators propose three specific aims: 1. Identify the influence of sarcolemmal DAG and sphingolipids on cell signaling and insulin sensitivity before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. Strong preliminary data shape the hypothesis that sarcolemmal 1,2-disaturated DAG and C18:0 ceramide species will decrease after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions, leading to less Protein kinase C (PKC) and Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation, and enhanced insulin signaling. Skeletal muscle DAG and sphingolipid isomers, species, localization, and de novo synthesis will be measured before and after diet-induced weight loss or exercise training interventions in obese men and women. Insulin sensitivity will be measured using insulin clamps, and muscle lipids using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). 2. Determine the impact of mitochondrial/ER (endoplasmic reticulum) DAG and sphingolipids on mitochondrial function and ER stress in vivo, before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. The investigators hypothesize, again based on preliminary data, that mitochondrial/ER sphingolipids will decrease, yet DAG will increase after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions, and each will associate with increased insulin sensitivity. Changes in sphingolipids will relate to increased mitochondrial function, less ER stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acyl-carnitine formation, while changes in DAG will relate to increased mitochondrial content and dynamics. 3. Identify the effect of exogenous DAG and sphingolipids on mitochondrial function in vitro, before and after insulin sensitizing lifestyle interventions. The working hypothesis is that DAG and sphingolipids will reduce mitochondrial respiration and increase ROS and acyl-carnitine content, but will be attenuated after endurance exercise training. The proposed research is innovative because it represents a substantive departure from the status quo by addressing cellular compartmentalization of bioactive lipids. The investigators contribution will be significant by identifying key species and locations of DAG and sphingolipids promoting insulin resistance, as well as mechanisms explaining accumulation that could be modified by insulin sensitizing therapeutic interventions.