View clinical trials related to Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.
Filter by:Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for most end-stage kidney disease. This procedure is limited, however, by two major factors: 1) a shortage of donor organs and 2) organ rejection by the recipient. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases is screening patients with kidney failure or diabetes who may be eligible for kidney, kidney and pancreas, or islet cell transplantation. Patients in this screening study are not offered treatment. When the screening is complete, patients will be offered an opportunity to participate in another institute study, or, if there are no active studies appropriate for the patient, other options will be suggested to the primary or referring physician. Patients found eligible for a study are not obligated to participate. Screening for all patients typically consists of blood tests, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, PPD tuberculosis screen and pregnancy test. Chest and kidney X-rays and other studies may be done on patients determined eligible for a particular study, including transplantation. A summary of all test results will be sent to the referring physician unless the patient requests otherwise. ...
Obesity is a condition affecting one-third off the U.S. population and is a major risk actor for the development of Type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia (increased levels of fat in the blood), hypertension (high blood pressure), and other disorders of the heart and lungs. Individuals with the onset of obesity during childhood or adolescence are at an increased risk of obesity-related, diseases, both during adolescence and later in adult life. African American girls and women are at an increased risk for obesity, and have substantial rates of obesity-related diseases and causes of death. Further, many African American adult women fail to respond to many of the therapeutic approaches used to treat obesity. At present there are no medical therapies proven effective for the correction of severe obesity in children or adolescents. One medication that may have a favorable risk-benefit ratio in pediatric populations is Orlistat (Xenical, Hoffmann LaRoche). Orlistat works by preventing the action of enzymes in the digestive process, interfering with the absorption of approximately 1/3 of the fat eaten in the diet. Xenical appears to be effective for reducing weight and obesity-associated diseases in obese adults. Researchers propose to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Xenical in 12-17 year old severely obese African American and Caucasian children and adolescents who have one or more obesity-related disease (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, or Type 2 diabetes).
The efficacy of laser photocoagulation treatment for diabetic retinopathy has been demonstrated by several National Eye Institute (NEI) sponsored clinical trials. The Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) demonstrated that scatter photocoagulation reduces the risk of blindness from diabetic retinopathy. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) extended these findings by providing information on when to initiate scatter photocoagulation and by demonstrating that focal treatment was effective in treating macula edema. The Krypton Argon Regression Neovascularization Study (KARNS) showed that scatter photocoagulation with krypton red laser was just as safe and effective as the argon blue-green laser in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Unfortunately, there is little data on the long term effects of photocoagulation on visual function. The first objective of this study is to assess the long term effects of photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. A second objective is to provide additional information on the risk of progression of cataracts in persons with diabetes. All patients previously treated with laser photocoagulation (focal and/or scatter) are eligible to participate in this long term study. The first priority will be given to patients who participated in the ETDRS and KARNS because of the wealth of information available regarding the details of their treatment and course after treatment. Study evaluations will include a standard ophthalmic examination, fluorescein angiography, lens and fundus photography.
Early studies have shown that the immune system may play a role in the development of strokes. Conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and old age can activate the immune system and increase the risk of developing hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and damaged blood vessels. Researchers will attempt to characterize factors that may contribute to atherosclerosis and stroke by measuring certain components of the immune system, cytokines and leukocyte activation. Measurements will be taken from patients that are considered to be stroke prone and from patients without risk factors for the development of stroke. Researchers will measure the immune system components at the beginning of the study, at six months, and at the one-year completion of the study. The study will attempt to determine; I) If patients with risk factors for stroke have an increased activation of the immune system II) If patients with risk factors for stroke that are symptomatic have higher levels of immune system activation compared to patients who do not have symptoms III) If patients with increased activation of the immune system have accelerated hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis)
In this study researchers will admit and evaluate patients with known or suspected heart disease referred to the Cardiology Branch of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Patients participating in this study will undergo a general medical evaluation, including blood tests, urine, examination, chest x-ray and electrocardiogram (EKG). In addition, patients may be asked to have an echocardiogram (ultrasound scan of the heart) and to perform an exercise stress test. These tests are designed to assess the types and causes of patient's heart diseases and to determine if they can participate in other, specific research studies.
When patients receive repeated blood transfusions the level of iron in the patient s blood can rise. When iron is processed in the body a protein known as hemosiderin can begin collecting in the organs. If too much hemosiderin collects in the organs they can begin to malfunction. This condition is called transfusional hemochromatosis. An organ of particular importance in transfusional hemochromatosis is the heart. Patients born with diseases requiring blood transfusions at birth begin to develop heart problems in their teens. These patients typically only live for 17 years. Adults that require transfusions can begin experiencing heart problems after 100-200 units of backed red blood cells. Deferoxamine (Desferal) is a drug that binds to iron and allows it to be excreted from the body. It is the only effective way to remove iron from patients who have been overloaded with iron because of multiple transfusions. Previous studies have lead researchers to believe that deferoxamine, when given as an injection under the skin (subcutaneous), can be delay or prevent heart complications. Researchers plan to continue studying patients receiving deferoxamine as treatment for the prevention of heart complications associated with repeated blood transfusions. In this study researchers will attempt; 1. To determine if deferoxamine, given regularly, can indefinitely prevent the heart, liver, and endocrine complications associated with transfusional hemochromatosis 2. To determine whether heart disease caused by transfusional hemochromatosis can be reversed by intensive treatment with deferoxamine.
The purpose of this study is to prevent major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, or cardiovascular death) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus using intensive glycemic control, intensive blood pressure control, and multiple lipid management.
To determine if the combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease death differs between diuretic-based and each of three alternative antihypertensive pharmacological treatments. Also, to determine, in a subset of this population, if lowering serum cholesterol with a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor in older adults reduces all-cause mortality compared to a control group receiving usual care. Conducted in conjunction with the Department of Veterans' Affairs.
To evaluate, in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants with peripheral arterial disease, the feasibility of recruitment and adherence, efficacy and safety of HDL-C raising along with effective control of LDL-C levels, antioxidant therapy, antithrombotic therapy, and their combinations.
To determine if the increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol at the time of menopause could be ameliorated or prevented by an intensive dietary intervention. Also, to prevent the increase in body weight and associated changes in insulin, glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol during the peri- to postmenopausal period.