There are about 25435 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in United Kingdom. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
Cancer of the gullet (oesophagus) is a lethal disease in which only 15% of patients survive 5 years once diagnosed. It is more common in men than women, and men appear to have a worse prognosis. One suggestion for this gender difference is the sex hormone oestrogen, which exerts its effect via oestrogen receptors. The role of oestrogen in breast cancer is well described, and antioestrogen medication such as tamoxifen, which blocks oestrogen receptors are in widespread and effective use. The role of oestrogen receptors in oesophageal cancer however, is less well defined. Work conducted by the investigators, as well as another research group in Australia showed that antioestrogens including tamoxifen, reduce oesophageal cancer cell growth in the laboratory. To date, no studies have assessed the effect of tamoxifen therapy on oesophageal cancer growth in humans. The investigators propose a study to determine the effect of tamoxifen in patients with oesophageal cancer who aren't undergoing surgery or chemotherapy. Patients will receive tamoxifen tablets daily for 4 weeks after which time a biopsy (sample of cancer tissue) will be taken at gastroscopy (a flexible camera that is passed into the mouth through the gullet into the stomach). The biopsy will be compared with the biopsy taken at the time of diagnosis to determine if tamoxifen has had any effect on cancer cell growth. If this study shows that tamoxifen does slow cancer cell growth it could lead to a larger study of patients with oesophageal cancer taking tamoxifen for a longer time period to determine if there is any clinical benefit.
The ESA is currently preparing a guideline on the management of postoperative delirium (POD), which attempts to reduce the impact of postoperative delirium and provide recommendations for prevention, diagnostics and treatment of delirium outside the intensive care unit. The guidelines are going to be published during 2015. While the guideline provides recommendations for daily practice, assessment of current practice and knowledge is of utmost importance, because the implementation and the measurement of a change in clinical practice will be dependent on these measurements. This Survey has been approved by the Scientific and Research Committees of the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA), the Media Committee of the ESA, as well as the institutional ethical committee of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
The aim of this research is to assess the acceptability of using a mobile folding screen for blinding parents of infant study participants in clinical trials of osteopathic interventions. The preliminary data of this acceptability study will inform future randomized controlled trials with infant participants where parental blinding is required. 30 excessively crying infants will be randomly allocated to 2 groups, one group receives osteopathic intervention, the other group does not receive treatment. All infants are treated (or not) behind a mobile folding screen, so that parents are not aware of group allocation. After a 'treatment' period of 20 min, the screen is removed, and parents are asked to fill in an acceptability and blinding success questionnaire.
Maintaining muscle mass and function is important in healthy ageing to maintain quality of life. Loss of muscle mass is major problem, as beyond the age ~50, muscle mass declines by ~1-2% a year. To prevent this loss, the investigators need to understand the mechanism regulating muscle mass as we age. In this project the investigators aim to determine these mechanisms using a new technique of heavy water ingestion, this allows measurement of multiple aspects of skeletal muscle mass metabolism e.g. protein synthesis, over long periods (6 weeks) as people go about their normal everyday activities. The investigators also aim to determine the influence of resistance exercise training on older muscle, as well as differences between men and women in muscle responses to exercise and nutrition HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate).
This study will establish the feasibility and accuracy of localising and outlining the uterus on ultrasound images using both healthy volunteer and cervical patient cohorts. This will enable us to determine whether or not ultrasound will be a good option to ensure the correct patient position prior to radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients.
Neutrophils emerge as key immune cells in the initiation and perpetuation of immune responses in autoimmune diseases. They display marked abnormalities in phenotype and function in various autoimmune diseases, including systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These neutrophils are characterised by an extended life span, increased capacity to produce reactive oxygen species, active gene expression and release of extracellular traps. Consequently, there is a need for better understanding of neutrophil phenotype and functions in these conditions, as well as for identifying molecules capable of specifically manipulating neutrophil function. The investigators have recently discovered that interferon lambdas (IFN-λs), also known as interleukin 28 (IL28) and interleukin 29 (IL29), class II cytokines with previously studied anti-viral biological functions, specifically suppress neutrophil infiltration and interleukin-1β production and thereby, halt and reverse the development of collagen induced arthritis (CIA). The investigators propose to further investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this suppression and examine the translational potential of the investigators' finding by examining the IFN-λ receptor expression and function in neutrophils isolated from the blood of healthy donors and rheumatic patients (early rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis).
Around 50% of patients with locally advanced H&N cancer fail to achieve loco-regional control. Currently it cannot be predicted, during treatment, who will fall into this group of non-responders. This study is designed to assess the value of DW MRI as a predictive biomarker of response to radiotherapy in intermediate and high risk OPSCC.
The objective of the study is to investigate clinical outcomes following single versus dual stenting strategies for the treatment of true bifurcation distal left main coronary artery lesions.
The aim of the study is to compare physical activity in stroke survivors who have undertaken a four month physical activity intervention using the STARFISH application with a control group receiving four months of usual care.
Advanced airway interventions are common high risk, high stakes events for children in intensive care units (ICU) and emergency departments (ED), with risk for life and health threatening consequences.