View clinical trials related to Cancer.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is to find out how much lapatinib can enter both normal brains and brains in which tumours secondary to breast cancer have developed.
Background: - Procedures that use medical tools in or near a possible abnormality in the body often use computed tomography (CT) scans to locate the abnormality and guide the path that a needle will take to collect a sample of tissue. Xperguide and electromagnetic (EM) tracking are two new procedures being studied to help guide the needle. Xperguide is software that uses CT images to help the doctor choose the needle path. EM tracking uses special medical tools with miniature coils that act like a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) device to show the location of the needle in the body. Xperguide and EM tracking have been used in humans and have good results, but they have not been compared with each other and regular CT to determine whether they are better than the standard approach. Objectives: - To compare the results of Xperguide, electromagnetic tracking, and regular computed tomography during a guided percutaneous procedure. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who are required to have a CT-guided percutaneous procedure. Design: - Participants will be screened with a physical examination and medical history, and the results of any previous imaging studies will be examined before study enrollment. - After a pilot phase, the study will involve two phases to compare the results of the different procedures. The first phase will involve comparing Xperguide to CT, and the second will involve comparing Xperguide to EM tracking. - Phase 1 participants will be assigned to one of two procedure groups: Group 1 will have Xperguide, and Group 2 will have regular CT. Participants who are scheduled to have repeated procedures (like a biopsy before and after chemotherapy) will be randomized for the first procedure and the second procedure will be done using the other method. - Phase 2 participants will be assigned to one of two procedure groups: Group 1 will have Xperguide, and Group 2 will have EM tracking. Participants who are scheduled to have repeated procedures (like a biopsy before and after chemotherapy) will be randomized for the first procedure and the second procedure will be done using the other method. - Standard post-procedure followup care will be given after the study procedure is completed.
Background: - There has been little research on the long-term health effects from oil spills, even though at least 10 percent of all oil tanker spills between 1970 and 2009 have affected coastal populations. The Deepwater Horizon disaster, with its release of approximately 5 million barrels (~680,000 tons) of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico, is far larger than any of the individual tanker spills. Given the magnitude of this spill and the scope of the potential exposures, including the 55,000 workers involved in clean-up efforts and countless residents of the affected areas, researchers are interested in monitoring Gulf clean-up workers to understand the adverse consequences of oil spills in general. - The Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study will investigate health effects associated with the clean-up activities following the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010. More than 100,000 persons completed safety training in preparation for participation in clean-up activities related to the spill. Many of these individuals participated in active clean-up efforts, but others did not. Exposures among persons involved in clean-up range from negligible to potentially significant, especially for workers involved in tasks associated with direct exposure to crude or burning oil, or to chemical dispersants. However, prediction of adverse health effects is not possible because the long-term human health consequences of oil spills are largely unknown. In addition to the oil itself, the widespread economic and lifestyle disruption caused by the oil spill may contribute to mental health problems among this population. Objectives: - To investigate potential short- and long-term health effects associated with clean-up activities and exposures surrounding the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Eligibility: - English-, Spanish-, and Vietnamese-speaking workers and volunteers at least 21 years of age engaged or potentially engaged in oil spill clean-up operations in the Gulf of Mexico, or who lived in affected areas (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida coastal regions). Design: - Participants will be divided into groups of those who performed oil-spill clean-up-related work ( exposed ) and those who did not engage in clean-up-related work ( unexposed controls). - Participants will be screened with a full medical history and physical examination, as well as an interview to determine the nature of their potential exposure. - Participants will provide blood, hair, toenail, urine, and saliva (spit) samples. Participants may also have a lung function exam. - Participants will have researchers collect dust from their homes by using wipes and special vacuum bags. - Participants will also provide detailed contact information, including their Social Security number, to be contacted in the future for long-term health follow-up appointments. These appointments will include 30-minute telephone interviews every 2 years....
Neutropenia is one of the most frequent adverse effects of chemotherapy, and the main factor to limit the dosage and delay the schedule of chemotherapy. Preventive filgrastim administration has long been established as the standard of care. A pegylated filgrastim was independently developed by GeneLeuk Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shandong, China. It composed of filgrastim and a 20 kd polyethylene glycol molecule covalently bound at the N-terminal residue. Preclinical studies phase 1 and phase 2 trials have shown that pegylated filgrastim has decreased renal clearance, increased plasma half-life, and prolonged efficacy in compare with filgrastim. These characters were similar to those of Neulasta. The investigators designed a multicenter, randomized, cross-over phase Ⅲ trial to compare the efficacy and safety of a single injection of pegylated filgrastim and daily injections of filgrastim in chemotherapy naive patients receiving commonly used regimens. The hypothesis is that pegylated filgrastim is similarly effective and safe with regular filgrastim.
Part A- The purpose of this study is to determine a safe dose of LY2801653 to be given to participants with advanced cancer and to determine any side effects that may be associated with LY2801653 in this participant population. Efficacy measures will be used to assess the activity of LY2801653. Part B- The dose determined in Part A will be used along with efficacy measures to assess the activity of LY2801653 in participants with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), uveal melanoma with liver metastasis, and cholangiocarcinoma. Part C - the objective of Part C is to determine a recommended Phase 2 dose of LY2801653 that may be safely given to participants with HNSCC when taken with standard doses of cetuximab Part D - the objective of Part D is to determine a recommended Phase 2 dose of LY2801653 that may be safely given to participants with cholangiocarcinoma when taken with a standard dose of cisplatin. Part E - the objective of Part E is to determine a recommended Phase 2 dose of LY2801653 that may be safely given to participants with cholangiocarcinoma when taken with gemcitabine plus cisplatin. Part F - the objective of Part F is to determine a recommended Phase 2 dose of LY2801653 that may be safely given to participants with gastric cancer when taken with ramucirumab.
Accurate characterization of malignant cells obtained via thoracocentesis is of paramount importance in the management of cancer patients. The identification of novel biomarkers may in that regard considerably improve the diagnostic approach of these pleural effusions, guide therapeutic decisions, particularly with respect to targeted therapies, and offer helpful prognostic information. Nuclear anomalies represent the cornerstone of the cytologic and/or histopathologic diagnosis of malignant cells. The nuclear matrix is a fundamental constituent of the nuclear architecture via its interaction with the nuclear membrane, but is also directly involved with DNA and RNA processing. Prior studies have suggested that in some cancers, the lamins, a major constituent of the nuclear matrix, have different patterns of expression or nuclear localization that could potentially have prognostic implications. Our project aims at studying the constituents of the nuclear matrix of malignant cells isolated for pleural fluid in patients with metastatic disease, both of bronchogenic or non-bronchogenic origin, which, to our knowledge, has not yet been done. Both proteomic (localization by immunofluorescence and expression by Western-Blot) and genomic (microarray, CGH type) analyses will be undertaken to identify microrearrangements in the genes of interest. The primary aim is to identify specific biomarkers to more accurately characterize malignant cells in metastatic pleural disease.
Children with Cancer or congenital heart disease (CHD) experience complex, physical, psychosocial and behavioural symptoms and problems due to the illness, treatment, and medical procedures. To help children cope with their problems and prevent psychological distress, the investigators developed SiSom, a support system to help children with cancer or CHD report their symptoms and problems in an age-adjusted manner on a touch-pad, portable computer. This quasi-experimental study with 202 children age 7-12 with CHD or cancer will test the following hypotheses: When children use SiSom to report their symptoms and problems, and this information is provided to their clinicians in their outpatient consultations: - Children and parents will experience less anxiety. - Children and parents will be more satisfied with the outpatient visit. - There will be greater congruence between children's reported symptoms and problems and those addressed by their clinicians as evidenced in documented patient care. To better understand the mechanisms by which these effects may occur, the investigators will also explore: - Differences between control and experimental groups in patient-provider communication in terms of instrumental and affective behaviour, participation, initiative and person addressed; - The relationships among outcomes of patient-provider communication, congruence between patients' reported symptoms and those addressed by their clinicians and children's and parents' anxiety and satisfaction; and how these relationships differ between treatment and control conditions. Finally, the investigators will investigate time requirements, ease of use and usefulness of SiSom by children and clinicians. For analyses the investigators will use inferential statistics and qualitative analyses of the video-taped consultation sessions. This study will contribute to improving patient-centred care for a particularly vulnerable population, and to a better understanding of the triadic communication and interactions among child-parent and clinician.
Researchers from Oregon Health & Science University have developed a science-based, team-centered, scripted peer-taught program for fire fighters improving diet and exercise behavior while reducing injury rates and costs. Those investigators are partnering with local law enforcement agencies in Oregon and SW Washington to adapt, apply and assess this work-based program among a new high risk group to improve the health and safety of law enforcement officers (LEOs). Fire fighters' work structure is a natural fit for a team-centered format, and teammates' social support appeared to partially mediate the intervention's positive outcomes. Although conducive to team formation, LEOs' work lacks the established team structure of fire fighters. This proposal will apply the team-centered intervention to LEOs and in the process, learn more about teams as vehicles of health behavior change, and their relationship with outcomes and other potential mediating variables in a multilevel ecological analytic framework.
The aims of this study are to investigate whether patient empowerment, including information and decision-aids adapted to the risk and the need of the elderly patient, can improve outcome in an evidence-based modular pathway in terms of - shortened hospital stay by a reduced postoperative complication rate and - quality of life in elderly patients compared to control patients receiving standard of care.
This study is a drug trial of ethosuximide as a painkiller if you develop pain as a side effect of chemotherapy. Ethosuximide will be compared against placebo (an inactive substance) to test whether any response is a true effect of the drug, and not a 'placebo effect'.