View clinical trials related to Tuberculosis.
Filter by:One complication of uveitis which is driven by an increase in VEGF is the formation of inflammatory ocular neovascularization (ION). Here, we analyze the therapeutic role of intravitreal bevacizumab in ION not responding to standard therapy (systemic and ocular corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppressants) in a multicenter retrospective study.The natural history of subfoveal choroidal new vessels histoplasmosis, multifocal choroiditis, Harada and other inflammatory chorioretinal disorders has been very guarded, but with this new approach, we hope to stop the visual loss in these relatively young patients.
The overall aim of the project is to evaluate rifabutin (RBT) as a replacement for rifampicin (RMP), for the combined treatment of tuberculosis and HIV infection. RBT represents an alternative to RMP for HIV infected patients as its half-life is longer and the enzymatic induction effect appears to be less important on the associated antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs. This phase II trial is to determine precisely the pharmacokinetics parameters of RBT in combination with different ART regimens in Vietnamese HIV infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in order to define optimal doses that will be further tested in a larger phase III trial comparing safety, tolerability and efficacy of RBT and RMP regimens.
This observer blind study will assess the safety and immunogenicity of different formulations of GSK Biologicals' 692342 tuberculosis vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 to 45 years with a positive PPD skin test. The Protocol Posting has been updated in order to comply with the FDA Amendment Act, Sep 2007.
There are increasing numbers of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa receiving antiretroviral drugs and/or rifampicin based antituberculous therapy. HIV infected patients are at an increased risk of contracting malaria. Increasing resistance to anti-malarials such as chloroquine, amodiaquine, fansidar, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in East and West Africa has led the WHO to recommend artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®- Novartis) as first line therapy for malaria for adults and children. As early as 2004, fourteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa had adopted this guideline as national policy. There are no data on the interaction between Coartem® and any of the antiretroviral agents. Both components of Coartem® are substrates for the 3A4 isoform of cytochrome P450. Despite the lack of data, antiretroviral drugs and/or antituberculous drugs in addition to Coartem® are of necessity co-prescribed daily in the African setting. Nevirapine, efavirenz and rifampicin are known inducers of cytochrome P450 3A4. A technical consultation convened by WHO in June, 2004 concluded that additional research on interactions between antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs is urgently needed. We propose to perform a suite of pharmacokinetic studies to evaluate these interactions in HIV infected Ugandan patients. The aim of these studies is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between Coartem® and commonly co-prescribed inducers of 3A4 i.e. nevirapine, efavirenz and rifampicin. 1. Comparison of steady state pharmacokinetics of Coartem® in HIV-infected patients prior to commencement of nevirapine and at nevirapine steady state 2. Comparison of steady state pharmacokinetics of Coartem® in HIV-infected patients prior to commencement of efavirenz and at efavirenz steady state 3. Comparison of steady state pharmacokinetics of Coartem® in Ugandan patients at rifampicin steady state and without rifampicin
Triomune is the most commonly prescribed treatment for HIV infection in Uganda. Triomune is manufactured by a generic drug company and consists of three drugs combined in a single pill given twice daily (stavudine 30mg plus lamivudine 150mg plus nevirapine 200mg). It is known that the levels of nevirapine in a patient's blood are highest in the first two weeks of treatment. Therefore it is recommended that patients starting on nevirapine should undergo dose escalation i.e start on 200mg once daily for two weeks and then increase to full dose of 200mg twice daily in order to avoid nevirapine related rash. It is not possible to do dose escalation with a fixed dose combination pill like Triomune and for the two weeks of the dose escalation patients either can buy stavudine plus lamivudine plus nevirapine as separate pills or take Triomune in the morning and then take stavudine plus lamivudine as separate pills in the evening. Rifampicin is used to treat TB and lowers the levels of nevirapine in a patient's blood. This raises two questions in routine clinical practice for patients who are co-infected with HIV and TB (1) Do we need to put our patients to the trouble of dose escalation of nevirapine if they are already on rifampicin? and (2) If we dose escalate nevirapine in patients on rifampicin, are we putting them at risk of low drug levels and development of resistance? The aim of this study is to compare the plasma concentrations of nevirapine in HIV infected patients who are commencing antiretroviral therapy with and without a lead in dose of nevirapine and who are also receiving concomitant treatment with antituberculous therapy which includes rifampicin to assess whether dose escalation of nevirapine is appropriate in this patient population
The purpose of this study is to test whether a saline nebulization (breathing in a mist of moist air through a mask) will help an individual cough up a better sputum sample to test for tuberculosis (TB). In addition, this study will test whether samples obtained with saline nebulization are better at finding TB in people with HIV infection. The study will enroll up to 600 individuals, aged 12 and older, with suspected pulmonary TB. Participants will be asked to cough up a sample of sputum into a container. Then, participants will be asked to breathe a mist of moist air from an oxygen mask followed by moist salty air, which will help individuals to cough up a second sputum sample. This mist of moist air will contain salbutamol, a medicine to help open up the airways. The sputum samples will be sent to a laboratory to test for TB. Additionally, participants will be tested for HIV with a blood sample collection. Participants will be involved in study related procedures for up to 61 days.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease affecting the lungs that is caused by a germ spread by coughing. TB infection is currently diagnosed by a skin test that has limited accuracy. The purpose of this study is to look at the reliability of a new blood test for diagnosing TB infection in children. Study participants will include 300 HIV-infected (HIV infection is a viral infection that causes disease which destroys the body's ability to protect itself from infection and disease.) children and 500 HIV-uninfected children, ages 3 months to 5 years, residing in the Khayelitsha and Ravensmead/Uitsig Communities of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Study procedures will include questionnaires, HIV and TB testing, which will be performed by blood and skin tests. Participants may be involved in study related procedures for up to 24 months.
This study will assess the safety and immunogenicity of a GSK Biologicals' candidate TB vaccine administered at 0, 1 months to healthy adults living in a TB-endemic region. The Protocol Posting has been updated in order to comply with the FDA Amendment Act, Sep 2007.
New blood tests have become available to detect either latent or active tuberculosis. These tests - which according to the CDC can replace the tuberculin skin test - measure the production of gamma-interferon (a cytokine) by peripheral lymphocytes (white cells) when exposed to antigens which are highly specific of mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis). Our hypothesis was that the production of gamma-interferon would be much higher at the beginning of treatment than at the end, and that decline in gamma-interferon secretion could be an indicator of clinical response to treatment.
The study is conducted to compare safety and efficacy of isoniazid administered as an adjusted dose based on NAT2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2)genotype and as a standard dose. The hypothesis is that the genotype-adjusted dose is superior to the standard dose with regard to hepatotoxicity and early treatment failure, respectively, in the group of slow and rapid acetylators of NAT2.