View clinical trials related to Smoking.
Filter by:The hypothesis of this study is that either obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or cigarette smoking (CS) exposure would produce oxidative stress and inflammation leading to endothelial injury, and the combined exposure would be additive or synergistic.
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently being evaluated as a treatment option in major depression. It has been shown to be a safe procedure . Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation coils are designed to maximize the electrical field deep in the brain by the summation of separate fields projected into the skull from several points around its periphery. The device is planned to minimize the accumulation of electrical charge on the surface of the brain. Such accumulation can give rise to an electrostatic field that might reduce the magnitude of the induced electric field both at the surface and inside, thus reducing the depth penetration of the induced electric field . Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation could be more effective than repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation due to its deeper penetration into brain tissues . The deeper penetration should produce greater action on nerve fibers connecting the prefrontal cortex to the limbic system. The ability of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to alter dopaminergic neurotransmission in subcortical structures could explain recent reports, which suggest that it has the potential to reduce smoking and nicotine craving. Ecihhammer et al demonstrated a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked and in the desire to smoke after a single rTMS treatment (Eichhammer et al., 2003). In addition, Johan et al in a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated a reduction in cigarette consumption and desire to smoke after a single repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment (Johann et al., 2003). Recently, the investigators have finished a complete study on nicotine addiction using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 10 consecutive days. They have found that 10 days of rTMS reduced significantly better from placebo the number of cigarettes smoked, nicotine dependence and craving (Amiaz et al 2007, in preparation). Interestingly, some of the effects were stronger in the sub-group of patients that were presented with smoking-related pictures immediately prior to stimulation onset. Although, these results are interesting and exciting, they have two important caveats. First, only about 50%-60% of the smokers responded to the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. Second, among those responded to the treatment, only 10% had quit totally from smoking. Therefore, the potential therapeutic benefit of this treatment is limited. The investigators' hypothesis is that deep transcranial magnetic stimulation may be more efficient in smoking cessation due to it's deeper penetration and therefore it's capability to stimulate deeper fibers of the dopamine-reward-activating system.
The current proposal, will elucidate the role of oxidant stress (OS) on arterial function as measured by flow mediated vasodilation. In addition, the investigators will address the hypothesis, that a pro-oxidant might have different degrees of effects on different biological targets, by performing quantitative assessment of the effects of OS on lipids, proteins and DNA.
This study provides an opportunity to combine varenicline and bupropion SR and capitalize on the potential additive benefit. The investigators hypothesize that this will further increase long-term (≥ 6 months) smoking abstinence rates.
The study's aim is to develop a clinical model that can be used to measure the nicotine delivery and tobacco/nicotine abstinence-suppressing capability of electronic devices that are marketed as a means to deliver nicotine to cigarette smokers. The study will compare the nicotine delivery, cardiovascular effects, and tobacco withdrawal suppressing effects of two devices currently marketed in the U.S.: Crown Seven and NJOY. Specifically, the effects of these devices will be compared with the effects of own brand cigarettes (positive control), and an abstinence condition (sham smoking; puffing from an unlit cigarette). The primary hypothesis is that the nicotine delivery, withdrawal suppression, and other effects of electronic devices marketed as a means to deliver nicotine to smokers can be measured during a period of acute exposure.
STUDY PURPOSE: Aim 1. To assess the efficacy of an intervention in preventing or delaying postpartum smoking resumption among women who stop smoking during pregnancy. Aim 2. To determine the association of baseline risk assessment variables (dependence, motivation, self-efficacy, concerns for the fetus, changes in sensory response to tobacco, depression, weight concerns, and partner/household smoking and support) with time to resumption. A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Women's risk for resumption will be assessed at 4 time-points. 1. Between 28 and 34 weeks of pregnancy 2. 6-weeks postpartum 3. 6-months postpartum 4. 12-months postpartum Women who report not smoking at any of the assessment points will be asked to provide a saliva sample for analysis of tobacco constituents and a breath sample to assess carbon monoxide. Bio-behavioral and pregnancy-specific factors will be used to triage women to one of four levels of stepped-care that includes: 1. One in-person counseling session and at least one telephone session during pregnancy and from 6 to 11 telephone sessions over the first 9-months postpartum. 2. Risk profiles will be used to match the intervention to each woman's needs. 3. Women randomized to the control arm will receive the booklet, Forever Free for Baby and Me and usual prenatal and postpartum care. We are recruiting 400 women for this study from 11 sites in the Durham/ Raleigh/ Chapel Hill NC area and Fayetteville NC.
The study investigated the underlying mechanisms of smoking in young adults by examining the associations between smoking, brain activity, dopamine genes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The purpose of this study is to develop and test a text messaging-based smoking cessation program for adults who are currently smoking and want to quit, living in Turkey.
Do monetary incentives in small independent primary care practices improve the delivery of preventive services as recommended by U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for cardiovascular health?
The main objective of this study is to describe the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in primary prevention among different European countries. The patient's participation consists of a single study visit during a routine visit of the patient to the clinic/office. Study variables will be measured: - By an interview between physician and patient during the visit and/or available medical records' information: social and demographic patient characteristics, relevant family medical history, current medication. - By questions asked to the physician: physician perception of patients' CV risk factor, guidelines adherence and cost-containment. - By measurement performed to the patient during the visit: weight, height, BMI, waist and hip circumference will be measured. - CV risk factors (blood parameters) will be measured by collecting available data documented within the last year in the medical records and by the collection and analyses of a blood sample during the visit.