Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Change from baseline salivary cortisol levels |
Saliva samples will be obtained to determine free salivary cortisol. If the test is done around 9 AM, the results would be between 100 and 750 ng/dL. Any dysregulation, notably higher cortisol levels, may indicate poor health outcomes. |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Primary |
Change from baseline psychosocial wellbeing using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) |
The HADS questionnaire has seven items each for depression and anxiety subscales. Scoring for each item ranges from zero to three, with three denoting highest anxiety or depression level. A total subscale score of >8 points out of a possible 21 denotes considerable symptoms of anxiety or depression. |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline Fear of falling using the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (short form)(FES-I) |
It is a 16 item questionnaire, useful to the researchers and clinicians interested in fear of falling, with a score ranging from minimum 16 (no concern about falling) to maximum 64 (severe concern about falling). |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline Activities of daily living and health-related quality of life using The Dartmouth COOP charts |
5-point Likert-type scaling, with descriptors and cartoon illustrations of levels 1 through 5. Rating of "1" = no impairment, "5" = most impaired. |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline Psychosocial wellbeing using the brief UCLA loneliness scale (ULS-6) |
Using a 4-point rating scale (1= never; 4 = always), participants answer 6 questions, such as "How often do you feel left out?" and "How often do you feel part of a group of friends?". |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline Psychosocial wellbeing using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) |
Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline Sleep satisfaction using the National Sleep Foundation's Sleep Satisfaction Tool (SST) |
9-item questionnaire (scoring 1 not satisfied to 4 very satisfied) to assesses the general population's sleep satisfaction. |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline physical function using the short performance battery |
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a relatively simple test that can provide insight into walking speed, balance and leg strength, important factors for self-reliance, in a short period of time. The SPPB is increasingly used in the scientific literature as an outcome measure for mobility and a predictor of health outcomes. The test consists of three tests: a walking test, a balance test and a repeated chair-stand test. The scores range from 0 (worst performance) to 12 (best performance). |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline physical function using hand grip strength |
The purpose of the handgrip strength test is to measure the maximum isometric strength of the hand and forearm muscles, and is suggested to be a marker of health and longevity. Reported hand grip strengths markers: 41.7 and 25.9 kg, respectively, in men and women aged 60-64 years, 41.7 and 25.6 kg for ages 65-69 years, 38.2 and 24.2 kg for ages 70-74 years, and 28 and 18.0 kg for age >75 years, respectively. |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline physical function using Fried frailty phenotype criteria |
The Fried's frailty phenotype defines frailty as the presence of five components: weakness, slowness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and unintentional weight loss. Scoring: =3/5 criteria met indicates frailty; 1-2/5 indicates pre-or-intermediate frailty; 0/5 indicates non-frail. |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Change from baseline salivary DHEAS levels at 12 weeks |
Saliva samples will be obtained to determine DHEAS. Any dysregulation, notably lower DHEAS levels, may indicate poor health outcomes. (Average levels: ages 60 to 69: 13 to 130 µg/dL or 0.35 to 3.51 µmol/L Ages 69 and older: 17 to 90 µg/dL or 0.46 to 2.43 µmol/L) |
Before and 1 month after completion of the 12-week intervention period. |
|
Secondary |
Acceptability of the intervention assessed by focus groups |
The investigators will conduct focus groups with the involved activity coordinators in the care home to assess acceptability. |
1 month after completion after the completion of the 12-week intervention period |
|
Secondary |
Acceptability of the intervention assessed by interviews |
The investigators will conduct interviews with the participants in the care home to assess acceptability. |
1 month after completion after the completion of the 12-week intervention period |
|