View clinical trials related to Prediabetic State.
Filter by:The overall aim is to identify the dietary pattern for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The specific aim of this pilot project is to compare effects of two diets with different diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and protein on the glucose metabolism in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and its effects on inflammatory status.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of active opportunistic screening using point-of-care capillary Hemoglobin-A1c (POC-cHbA1c) testing, compared to venous HbA1c (vHbA1c) testing, in improving detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among at-risk primary care patients. Design: Pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting: 8 public primary care clinics in Hong Kong. Participants: A minimum of 776 patients (97 per clinic) who have ≥1 risk factor for T2DM, but no known diagnosis of DM or DM screening in the past 12 months. Intervention: Participants at intervention clinics (n=4) will be offered free POC-cHbA1c testing on-site, immediately informed of test results and DM risk, and scheduled for confirmatory oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if screened positive (i.e. HbA1c≥5.6%). Participants at control clinics will be offered free vHbA1c testing scheduled on a separate day, informed of test results and DM risk via phone, and scheduled for confirmatory OGTT if screened positive. Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes are uptake rate of POC-cHbA1c versus vHba1c testing, and difference in proportion of T2DM detected between intervention and control groups. Secondary outcomes include number-needed-to-screen to detect one more T2DM case. Data analysis: Participants' characteristics and test uptake rates will be summarized by descriptive statistics. Difference in the proportion of T2DM detected between groups will be compared using Chi-squared test. Number-needed-to screen to identify one additional patient with DM will be calculated. Expected results: A greater proportion of T2DM patients will be detected by POC-cHbA1c than vHbA1c due to a higher screening test uptake rate among the studied population.
A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, single-ascending and multiple-ascending dose trial to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral controlled-ileal-release nicotinic acid (CIR-NA) compared to immediate-release nicotinic acid and placebo in healthy subjects and subjects with prediabetes.
People living with prediabetes are advised to lose weight to prevent development of type 2 diabetes by participating in intensive lifestyle interventions (ILI's), such as PreventT2. The PreventT2 program focuses on a low-calorie diet for weight loss. However, many people find it difficult to stick to a low-calorie diet over the long-term. The identification of novel, effective and individualized dietary strategies to produce long-term weight loss is critically important in diabetes prevention. An ILI based on PreventT2 which considers individual preferences, allowing participants to choose among a variety of diets, may result in greater adherence to the diet than a standard PreventT2 intervention. ILIs also need to be available to individuals in a wide range of communities, including Americans living in rural communities, who experience higher rates of obesity and chronic disease, yet have less access to medical care, including programs for diabetes prevention. The investigators plan to develop and carry out a 16-week pilot and feasibility study of a group-based ILI program based on PreventT2 plus choice of dietary strategy (Prevention and Choice for Type2 , PACT2) delivered via videoconference to adults with prediabetes living in rural communities. Successful completion of this project will result in the refinement of an ILI that incorporates personal preferences and is tailored to individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes living in rural areas where access to such interventions is limited.
The goal of this clinical trial is to understand how the blood sugar-lowering hormone insulin works in healthy adults versus those who are at risk for type 2 diabetes. The study will use a drug called alpelisib, which interferes with insulin's actions in the body, to answer the study's main question: does the liver continue to respond to insulin's stimulation of fat production even when it loses the ability to stop making glucose (sugar) in response to insulin. Researchers will compare the impact of single doses of both alpelisib and placebo (inert non-drug) in random order (like flipping a coin) in study participants. Participants will be asked to stay twice overnight in the hospital, take single doses of alpelisib and placebo (one or the other on each of the two hospital stays), and receive intravenous (into the vein) infusions of non-radioactive "tracer" molecules that allow researchers to measure the production of glucose (sugar) and fats by the liver. Measurements will be done both overnight, while participants are asleep and fasting (not eating or drinking other than water) and while consuming a standardized diet of nutritional beverages during the following day. The objective is to evaluate the effect of lowering insulin levels, while maintaining constant mild hyperglycemia, on plasma glucose and lipid levels.
With the aging of population and the change of lifestyle, the prevalence of prediabetes is increasing year by year. Nutritional factors are one of the important environmental factors in the occurrence and development of abnormal glucose metabolism. The medical nutritional treatment of diabetes is recommended as the cornerstone of diabetes treatment by various guidelines. With the development of nutrigenomics, it has been found that genes related to the absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion of various nutrients are related to diabetes. This study intends to conduct precision nutrition intervention for prediabetic patients based on nutritional genes, and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these nutritional interventions.
Guava (Psidium guajava) belongs to the Myrtle family. It is a tropical and subtropical fruit native to the Americas. Ripe guava fruit is sweet and delicious. It is rich in vitamins A, C and trace elements such as phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. In traditional medicine, guava fruit can be eaten raw, and the roots can treat stomach problems, abdominal pain, dysentery, and diabetes; the leaves can treat diabetes, abdominal pain, rheumatism, antipyretic, stomachache, anthelmintic, cholera, vomiting, diarrhea, enteritis and other symptoms. Guava leaf extract contains polyphenols. Studies have shown that guava leaf has antioxidant, blood sugar regulating and anti-cancer effects. Not only guava leaves, research has found that guava fruits are rich in vitamins, fiber and antioxidants, which have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Preliminary research has found that the extract of red guava young fruit has more active ingredients - saponins and total polyphenol content, and its antioxidant capacity is also higher than that of mature guava. In vitro studies have found that guava fruit extract can increase the expression of GLUT4 gene and promote the entry of blood sugar into cells. At the same time, guava fruit extract can inhibit the formation of final glycated proteins (AGEs). The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of guava fruit extract on blood sugar regulation in humans and to evaluate its potential to be developed as a blood sugar regulation supplement.
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the randomized controlled trials in prediabetes are limited to evaluate the effects of coffee. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of coffee on metabolic factors and inflammation in individuals with prediabetes and obesity. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial is designed to explore the effects of coffee consumption on participants with prediabetes and obesity. A total of 100 eligible participants with prediabetes and obesity will be recruited from the Health Management Center of Nanjing First Hospital. These participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the coffee capsule group or the control group. The coffee capsule group will be instructed to consume 3.6 g of coffee capsules per day (0.3 g per capsule, 6 capsules per serving, twice a day, once in the morning and once in the middle of the day). The control group will be asked to consume 3.6 g of cornstarch capsules (0.3 g per capsule, 6 capsules per serving, twice a day, once in the morning and once in the middle of the day). 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, 2-week blinded continuous glucose measurement and others will be performed before and after the 3-month intervention. During the three months of intervention, the information on dietary intake, physical activity and sleep of participants will be systematically collected. To comprehensively assess the impact of coffee intake on prediabetes and obesity, we will analyze the effects of coffee capsules on various metabolic and inflammatory markers, including glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, blood pressure, adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, body mass index, body composition, the degree of hepatic steatosis and so on. We will further adjust for potential confounding factors such as lifestyle factors to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms driving this association.
The goal of this observational study is to investigate changes in nocturnal and postprandial glucose and glycogen metabolism in individuals with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance compared to healthy, non-diabetic, overweight participants (15 per group). In addition, it will be investigated if reducing gluconeogenesis, by using the challenge agent Acipimox, in people with prediabetes can increase glucose tolerance and fat oxidation by increased reliance on hepatic glycogen. The main questions this project aims to answer are: - whether there are differences in nocturnal glucose/glycogen metabolism in individuals with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and healthy overweight controls. - whether there are differences in postprandial glucose/glycogen metabolism in individuals with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and healthy overweight controls. Participants will visit the university for a screening visit and a visit with overnight stay for measurements of gluconeogenesis, glycogen, and substrate oxidation. A subgroup will receive [18F]-FDG to assess tissue-specific postprandial glucose uptake. Thereafter, 20 prediabetic individuals will follow a 4-day treatment with acipimox to decrease gluconeogenesis, followed by a second overnight visit with similar measurements as mentioned for the first visit.
The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the effects of chronic consumption of a hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive (Hytolive®) in a population at high risk of developing age-related pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The markers measured will be associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and homeostasis glucose and lipid profiles. Improvements in these parameters could potentially prevent the onset of pathologies associated with aging.