Locally Advanced Malignant Neoplasm Clinical Trial
— GRECCAR14Official title:
Multicentric Phase II-III Study Evaluating the Tailored Management of Locally-advanced Rectal Carcinoma After a Favorable Response to Induction Chemotherapy
Locally advanced rectal carcinoma raise the issue of both the oncological control, local and general, and the therapeutic morbidity. Surgery alone can cure only one out of two patients, radiochemotherapy improves the local control but the metastatic risk remains about 30% with enhanced postoperative morbidity and poor functional results. The tumor response to preoperative treatment is the major prognostic factor which revealed the aggressiveness of the tumor. To this day, there are no biologic predictive markers for tumor response. The purpose of this trial is to tailor the management according to the early tumoral response after short and intensive induction chemotherapy. MRI volumetric tumor response will be used to distinguish between good responders and bad responders. "Very good" responders will be randomized to either immediate surgery or radiochemotherapy followed by surgery (Standard arm: Cap 50).
Status | Recruiting |
Enrollment | 1075 |
Est. completion date | August 2027 |
Est. primary completion date | August 2027 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility | INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SCREENING 1. Written consent, 2. Patient who receive Folfirinox, 3. Patient aged over 18 years old, 4. World Health Organization (WHO) performance status = 1, 5. Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rectum, 6. Distal part of the tumor from 1 to 12 cm from the upper part of the levator ani (dynamic rectal examination), 7. No unequivocal evidence on CT-Scan of established metastatic disease, 8. MRI evaluation of the locally advanced tumor before neoadjuvant chemotherapy: 1. Predictive CRM < 2 mm 2. Or T3c-d (extending = 5 mm beyond the muscularis propria) with extra mural venous invasion (EMVI) 3. Or T4a-b (except bone and sphincteric invasion). NON INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SCREENING 1. Non measurable rectal tumor or not assessed by MRI before inclusion, 2. Ultra-low rectal tumor at diagnosis which imposes radiotherapy administration (inferior tumor pole less than 1 cm from the upper part of the levator ani). 3. Active cardiac disease including any of the following: a. Congestive heart failure = New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2 (appendix 4), b. Unstable angina (angina symptoms at rest), new-onset angina (begun within the last 3 months), c. Myocardial infarction less than 6 months before first dose of treatment, d. Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy (beta blockers or digoxin are permitted), 4. Previous or concurrent cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology from colorectal cancer within 5 years prior to study inclusion, except for curatively treated cervical cancer in situ, non-melanoma skin cancer and superficial bladder tumors [Ta (non invasive tumor), Tis (carcinoma in situ) and T1 (lamina propria invasion)], 5. Arterial or venous thrombotic or embolic events such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 6 months before start of treatment. INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT 1. WHO performance status 0-1, 2. Patient with tumoral regression = 60% and CRM = 1mm, 3. No unequivocal evidence on CT-Scan of established metastatic disease, 4. General condition considered suitable for radical pelvic surgery and a systemic therapy with Capecitabine 5. Adequate hematologic, hepatic, renal and ionogram function assessed within 7 days prior to study treatment a. Platelet count = 100,000/mm3; Hemoglobin (Hb) = 9 g/dL; Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) = 1,500/ mm3 b. Total bilirubin = 1.5 x Upper Limit Normal (ULN), Alkaline phosphatases = 3 x ULN and ASpartate aminoTransferase (AST) and ALanine aminoTransferase (ALT) = 3 x ULN, c. Serum creatinine = 1.5 x ULN or calculated creatinine clearance = 50 ml/min according to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), 6. For women of reproductive potential, negative serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-HCG) pregnancy test obtained within 7 days before the start of study treatment. Women not of reproductive potential are female patients who are postmenopausal or permanently sterilized (e.g., tubal occlusion, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy), 7. For women of childbearing potential and men, agreement to use an adequate contraception for the duration of study participation and up to 6 months following completion of therapy. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active with a non-sterilized male partner must use 2 methods, of effective contraception. The investigator or a designated associate is requested to advise the patient on how to achieve an adequate birth control. Adequate contraception is defined in the study as any medically recommended method (or combination of methods) as per standard of care, 8. No evidence of chronic or acute ischemic heart disease, 9. Willing to participate to the study, and able to give informed consent and to comply with the treatment and follow-up schedules, 10. Affiliation to the French Social Security System. NON-INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT 1. Patient with a history of pelvic radiotherapy, 2. Contraindication to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, 3. Complete or partial Dihydropyrimidine deshydrogenase (DPD) deficiency (uracilemia = 16 ng/mL), 4. Any infection that could jeopardize treatment administration, 5. Any other serious concomitant disease or disorder that may interfere with the patient's participation in the study and safety during the study (e.g., severe liver, heart, kidney, lung, metabolic, or psychiatric disorders), 6. History of inflammatory bowel disease, 7. Patients with a history of pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonia, 8. Patients using antivitamin K (Coumadin etc…) but it's possible to substitute the antivitamin K treatment with low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) before starting chemotherapy, 9. Known hypersensitivity to Capecitabine drug, study drug classes, or any constituent of the products, 10. Patient who received live attenuated vaccine within 10 days of inclusion, 11. Pregnant or breastfeeding woman. If a patient is of childbearing age, she must have a negative pregnancy test (serum ß-hCG) documented 72 hours prior to inclusion, 12. Patient treated with an investigational drug within the last 30 days, 13. Patient under curatorship or guardianship or safeguard justice, 14. Inability to submit to medical monitoring of the trial for geographical, social or psychological reasons. |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
France | CHU Amiens | Amiens | Picardie |
France | Ch Annecy | Annecy | Savoie |
France | CHU Besançon | Besançon | Doubs |
France | Bordeaux Colorectal Institute | Bordeaux | |
France | CHU de Bordeaux | Bordeaux | Gironde |
France | CHU Clermont-Ferrand | Clermont-Ferrand | Puy De Dôme |
France | Centre Georges-François Leclerc | Dijon | |
France | Chu Grenoble | Grenoble | |
France | Hôpital Bicêtre | Le Kremlin-Bicêtre | Val De Marne |
France | Centre Oscart Lambret | Lille | Nord |
France | Chu Lille | Lille | |
France | CAC Léon Bérard | Lyon | |
France | CHU de Lyon | Lyon | Rhône |
France | Hôpital La Timone | Marseille | |
France | Hôpital Nord de Marseille | Marseille | Bouches Du Rhône |
France | Insitut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier | Montpellier | Hérault |
France | Centre Alexis Vautrin | Nancy | Meurthe Et Moselle |
France | Centre Antoine Lacassagne | Nice | |
France | CHU de Nîmes | Nîmes | |
France | Hôpital Diaconesses | Paris | |
France | Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou | Paris | |
France | Hôpital Saint-Antoine | Paris | |
France | Hôpital Saint-Louis | Paris | |
France | CHU Rouen | Rouen | Seine-Maritime |
France | Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest | Saint-Herblain | |
France | CHU de Toulouse | Toulouse | |
France | CHU de Nancy | Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy | Lorraine |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Institut du Cancer de Montpellier - Val d'Aurelle |
France,
Bregendahl S, Emmertsen KJ, Lous J, Laurberg S. Bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection with and without neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: a population-based cross-sectional study. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Sep;15(9):1130-9. doi: 10.1111/codi.12244. — View Citation
Chen TY, Wiltink LM, Nout RA, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, Laurberg S, Marijnen CA, van de Velde CJ. Bowel function 14 years after preoperative short-course radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomized trial. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2015 Jun;14(2):106-14. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2014.12.007. Epub 2014 Dec 31. — View Citation
Fokas E, Glynne-Jones R, Appelt A, Beets-Tan R, Beets G, Haustermans K, Marijnen C, Minsky BD, Ludmir E, Quirke P, Sebag-Montefiore D, Garcia-Aguilar J, Gambacorta MA, Valentini V, Buyse M, Rodel C. Outcome measures in multimodal rectal cancer trials. Lancet Oncol. 2020 May;21(5):e252-e264. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30024-3. — View Citation
Kang JH, Kim YC, Kim H, Kim YW, Hur H, Kim JS, Min BS, Kim H, Lim JS, Seong J, Keum KC, Kim NK. Tumor volume changes assessed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance volumetry in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation: the impact of the volume reduction ratio on the prediction of pathologic complete response. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Mar 15;76(4):1018-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.066. Epub 2009 Aug 3. — View Citation
Martin ST, Heneghan HM, Winter DC. Systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes following pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2012 Jul;99(7):918-28. doi: 10.1002/bjs.8702. Epub 2012 Feb 23. — View Citation
Nougaret S, Castan F, de Forges H, Vargas HA, Gallix B, Gourgou S, Rouanet P; GRECCAR Study Group. Early MRI predictors of disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer from the GRECCAR 4 trial. Br J Surg. 2019 Oct;106(11):1530-1541. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11233. Epub 2019 Aug 22. — View Citation
Rodel C, Graeven U, Fietkau R, Hohenberger W, Hothorn T, Arnold D, Hofheinz RD, Ghadimi M, Wolff HA, Lang-Welzenbach M, Raab HR, Wittekind C, Strobel P, Staib L, Wilhelm M, Grabenbauer GG, Hoffmanns H, Lindemann F, Schlenska-Lange A, Folprecht G, Sauer R, Liersch T; German Rectal Cancer Study Group. Oxaliplatin added to fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer (the German CAO/ARO/AIO-04 study): final results of the multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):979-89. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00159-X. Epub 2015 Jul 15. — View Citation
Rouanet P, Rullier E, Lelong B, Maingon P, Tuech JJ, Pezet D, Castan F, Nougaret S; and the GRECCAR Study Group. Tailored Treatment Strategy for Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma Based on the Tumor Response to Induction Chemotherapy: Preliminary Results of the French Phase II Multicenter GRECCAR4 Trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017 Jul;60(7):653-663. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000849. — View Citation
Rouanet P. Which Trial to Demonstrate the Truthfulness of a Tailored Strategy in Rectal Carcinoma? Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Jan;61(1):e1-e2. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000977. No abstract available. — View Citation
Sauer R, Liersch T, Merkel S, Fietkau R, Hohenberger W, Hess C, Becker H, Raab HR, Villanueva MT, Witzigmann H, Wittekind C, Beissbarth T, Rodel C. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jun 1;30(16):1926-33. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.1836. Epub 2012 Apr 23. — View Citation
Schrag D, Weiser MR, Goodman KA, Gonen M, Hollywood E, Cercek A, Reidy-Lagunes DL, Gollub MJ, Shia J, Guillem JG, Temple LK, Paty PB, Saltz LB. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy without routine use of radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a pilot trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Feb 20;32(6):513-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.7904. Epub 2014 Jan 13. — View Citation
Weiser MR, Fichera A, Schrag D, Boughey JC, You YN. Progress in the PROSPECT trial: precision treatment for rectal cancer? Bull Am Coll Surg. 2015 Apr;100(4):51-2. No abstract available. — View Citation
* Note: There are 12 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | R0 resection rate (R0 is defined as Circumferential resection margin (CRM = 1 mm) for Phase II | The excision limits will be determined precisely on the part, after exhaustive sampling of the maximum tumor extension zones and containing the surface of the inked mesorectum. | Within 15 days after surgery | |
Primary | 3-year Disease free survival (DFS) for Phase III | (DFS is defined as the time interval between randomization and the occurrence of the first event, such as local or metastatic recurrence, the development of a second cancer or death from any cause).Locoregional failure include locally progressive disease leading to an unresectable tumour, local R2 resection, or local recurrence after an R0-R1 resection.
Patients without events at the time of analysis will be censored on the date of the last informative follow-up. |
3 years | |
Secondary | Compliance rate with neoadjuvant treatment schedule | To measure the compliance rate to the whole neoadjuvant schedule (induction CT + radiochemotherapy) | Within 4.5 months after the start of treatment | |
Secondary | Pathological complete response rate | To assess the pathological complete response rate (ypT0N0) | Within 15 days after surgery | |
Secondary | Sphincter-saving surgery rate | To assess the impact of the therapeutic strategy on the rate of sphincter-saving surgery. | Up to 2 months after the end of the neoadjuvant treatment | |
Secondary | Quality of life by using the quality of life questionnaire score (QLQ-C30) | The EORTC QLQ-C30 uses for the questions 1 to 28 a 4-point scale. The scale scores from 1 to 4: 1 ("Not at all"), 2 ("A little"), 3 ("Quite a bit") and 4 ("Very much"). Half points are not allowed. The range is 3. For the raw score, less points are considered to have a better outcome.
The EORTC QLQ-C30 uses for the questions 29 and 30 a 7-points scale. The scale scores from 1 to 7: 1 ("very poor") to 7 ("excellent"). Half points are not allowed. The range is 6. First of all, raw score has to be calculated with mean values. Afterwards linear transformation is performed to be comparable. More points are considered to have a better outcome. |
For a 1-year follow-up | |
Secondary | Bowel function, Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) | Assessed using LARS questionnaire (score 0-42, a high score indicates poor bowel function) | For a 1-year follow-up | |
Secondary | Quality of life by using the quality of life questionnaire score (QLQ-CR29) | Score 26-108, a high score indicates many symptoms of colorectal cancer. | For a 1-year follow-up | |
Secondary | 3-year local recurrence free survival rate (L-RFS) | The time interval from the date of randomization to the date of local recurrence or death from any cause).Patients alive without local recurrence will be censored at the date of last follow-up. | 3 years | |
Secondary | 3-year metastasis recurrence free survival rate (M-RFS) | The time interval from the date of randomization to the date of metastatic recurrence or death from any cause).Patients alive without metastasis will be censored at the date of last follow-up. | 3 years | |
Secondary | 3-year Overall survival (OS) | The time interval from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. Patients alive will be censored at the date of last follow-up. | 3 years | |
Secondary | 5-year Overall survival (OS) | The time interval from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. Patients alive will be censored at the date of last follow-up. | 5 years | |
Secondary | Local recurrence rate | The time interval from the date of randomization to the date of local recurrence. Patients without local recurrence will be censored at the date of last follow-up or death. | For a 2-3-year follow-up | |
Secondary | Clavien-Dindo grade | Grade 1 (light) to Grade 5 = Death of patient . It is widely used throughout surgery for grading adverse events (i.e. complications) which occur as a result of surgical procedures. | Within 1 month after surgery | |
Secondary | Neoadjuvant rectal Score by Fokas | The score uses the variables of clinical tumor stage, pathologic tumor stage, and pathologic nodal stage which are commonly available, furthering its utility in the clinical setting. The final scores range from 0 (good prognostic) to 100 (poor prognostic). | Within 15 days after surgery | |
Secondary | Rates of Total mesorectal excision (TME) grading according to Quirke | This grade is given by the pathologist on the appearance of the mesorectum on fresh specimen (complete grade = good resection), incomplete and near incomplete grade (between good and poor resection), incomplete grade = poor resection) | Within 15 days after surgery | |
Secondary | Distal margin to the tumor | Within 15 days after surgery | ||
Secondary | Definitive stoma rate | 36 MONTHS | ||
Secondary | Second surgery rate | 36 MONTHS | ||
Secondary | Rehospitalization rate | Within 1 month after surgery | ||
Secondary | Dworak Classification | Histopathologic analysis of tumor. Grade 0 to grade 4 with (Grade 4 = sterilized tumor to grade 0 = no regression of tumor) | Approximately 6 weeks after randomization | |
Secondary | Metastasis recurrence rate | the time to metastasis defined as the time interval from the date of randomization to the date of metastasis. Patients without metastasis will be censored at the date of last follow-up or death. | For a 2-3-year follow-up | |
Secondary | Disease Fee Survival rate (DFS) | the time interval from the date of randomization until the date of the first cancer-related event, or death from any cause). Patients alive without event will be censored at the date of last follow-up. | For a 3-year follow-up | |
Secondary | Assessment of adverse events by using the NCI-CTCAE version 5 scale | From the signature of informed consent until 60 days after Surgery | Approximately 72 months for all patients | |
Secondary | Evaluation of urinary function by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire score | Score 0-35, a high score indicates an impaired urinary function. | For a 1-year follow-up | |
Secondary | Evaluation of sexual function in men by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEFS) questionnaire score | Score 1-25, a low score indicates an impaired sexual function in men. | For a 1-year follow-up | |
Secondary | Evaluation of sexual function in women by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire score | Score 4-95, a low score indicates an impaired sexual function in women. | For a 1-year follow-up |
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